酸性残渣废弃物对天津滨海盐碱土改良效果的试验研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 17:13

本文选题：天津 + 滨海盐碱土　；参考：《天津理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：天津滨海地区盐碱土大面积分布,生态环境脆弱,土壤条件极差,被专家称之为“绿色禁区”。天津作为带动环渤海地区区域发展的强大引擎,在区域协同发展中举足轻重,滨海地区的环境绿化瓶颈亟待解决。本文通过对盐碱土改良技术和酸性残渣废弃物的处理现状的研究,选择三种酸性残渣废弃物(醋渣、酒糟、糠醛渣),分析其理化性质,并针对天津市独流减河下游典型的滨海盐碱土,开展单因素室内土柱模拟试验,探索酸性残渣废弃物改良盐碱土的作用过程、机理和效果;然后选用改良效果较好的醋渣,与其他改良物质(脱硫石膏、砂土)进行混合掺拌土柱试验;最后开展盆栽试验,验证改土效果,以期为天津滨海盐碱土的改良利用和酸性残渣废弃物资源化再利用提供理论支持和技术依据。论文主要得到如下结论:1.天津滨海新区南部(大港区)独流减河下游64km处的土壤为典型的滨海盐碱土,土壤容重为1.42g/cm3,渗透系数为2.28×10-6cm/s,黏粒和粉粒占比高达85%,土壤机械组成不合理,板结紧实、渗透性能差。土壤的含盐量极高,均值达到18.94g/kg,pH值为8.36,有机质含量低,属于盐土和强碱性土壤,不进行改良就没有利用价值。2.掺拌三种酸性残渣废弃物均能显著改善盐碱土的物理结构,提高渗透性能,渗透系数较未掺拌盐碱土提高1-2个数量级,在提高灌水脱盐效率的同时,也能够明显降低碱化程度。其中,醋渣和酒糟对增强渗透性能较强,因而脱盐效率更显著,而糠醛渣抑制脱盐碱化的能力较强,各种酸性残渣废弃物的改善程度大小均与添加比例成正比。3.单独掺拌酸性残渣废弃物时,添加量20%与30%的改良效果差距不大,在生产实践中依据投入产出效益原则综合考量,一般20%的添加量就基本可以满足改土要求。4.混合掺拌试验中,各处理组都能有效改善土壤的物理结构,效果优于单因素掺拌。各处理的淋溶液电导率和pH值的变化趋势与单因素掺拌试验相似,但混合掺拌的淋溶液电导率下降幅度更大,速度更快,pH值升高幅度较小,速度较慢,这与添加砂土提高了土壤的渗透性能和脱硫石膏降低了碱化程度有关。5.混合掺拌在提高土壤渗透性能、大大缩短淋盐时间的同时,增加了用水量,处理3的用水量最高达到了1720ml,远高于未经掺拌的处理1的用水量(1250ml),所以在提高土壤渗透性能的同时需要考虑节约用水原则。6.综合考量各处理的脱盐过程、脱盐效率及投入产出效益和节约用水原则,处理4(脱硫石膏1%+砂土30%+酒糟10%)对盐碱土的综合改良效果最好,用水1320ml便到达淋洗终点,脱盐时间缩短约30倍,总体脱盐效率达到89.4%,含盐量降至2.01g/kg,pH值为7.82,是混合掺拌试验的最佳组合和最佳配比。7.在盆栽验证试验中,经过淋洗的各混合掺拌处理所种植的黑麦草发芽率均达到95%以上,长势良好,表明利用混合掺拌技术改良盐碱土非常有效。最佳组合处理4种植黑麦草的发芽率和鲜重生物量均为最大值,验证了混合掺拌土柱试验的结果。
[Abstract]:Large area distribution of saline alkali soil in Tianjin coastal area, fragile ecological environment, poor soil conditions, is called "green forbidden zone" by experts. As a powerful engine to drive regional development around Bohai area, Tianjin is very important in regional cooperative development, and the bottleneck of environmental greening in coastal areas needs to be solved urgently. This article through the improvement of saline alkali soil technology Three kinds of acid residue waste (vinegar residue, distiller's grains, furfural slag) were selected and the physicochemical properties of acid residue waste (vinegar residue, distiller's grains, furfural residue) were analyzed. The single factor indoor soil column simulation test was carried out to explore the action process, mechanism and mechanism of acid residue waste improvement of saline alkali soil in Tianjin. Then, the improved effect of vinegar residue was selected and mixed with other modified substances (desulphurization gypsum, sand soil) mixed soil column test. Finally, the pot experiment was carried out to verify the effect of soil modification so as to provide theoretical support and technical basis for the improvement and utilization of Tianjin coastal saline alkali soil and the reuse of acid residue waste resources. The following conclusions are as follows: 1. the soil of 64km in the south of Tianjin Binhai New Area (Grand Port) is a typical coastal saline alkali soil. The soil bulk density is 1.42g/cm3, the permeability coefficient is 2.28 x 10-6cm/s, the ratio of clay and powder is up to 85%, the soil mechanical composition is not reasonable, the soil is tight, and the permeability is poor. The soil salt content is very high, the mean value reaches 1. 8.94g/kg, the value of pH is 8.36, the content of organic matter is low, which belongs to the saline soil and the strong alkaline soil. Without the improvement, the physical structure of the saline alkali soil can be improved significantly without the use of the value.2. mixed with three kinds of acid residue, and the permeability coefficient is increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the saline alkali soil, while improving the efficiency of the desalting and desalting. It can also obviously reduce the degree of alkalization, among which vinegar residue and distiller's grains have stronger permeability, thus the efficiency of desalination is more significant, and the ability of furfural slag to inhibit desalination is stronger. The improvement degree of all kinds of acid residue wastes is proportional to the addition ratio of.3. alone mixed with acid residue, adding 20% and 30%. The difference of good effect is small. In the production practice, according to the principle of input-output benefit, the general 20% addition can basically meet the mixed mixing test of the modified soil requirement.4.. Each treatment group can effectively improve the physical structure of the soil. The effect is better than the single factor mixing. The change trend of the conductivity and the pH value of the leaching solution of each treatment The single factor mixing test was similar, but the conductivity of the mixed mixed solution decreased greatly, the speed was faster, the increase of pH value was smaller and the speed was slower, which was related to the increase of soil permeability and the reduction of alkalization of desulphurization gypsum with the addition of sand soil, which was associated with the mixing of.5. mixed in the soil permeability and greatly shortening the time of salt leaching. With the increase of water consumption, the water consumption of 3 is up to 1720ml, which is far higher than that of 1 of unmixed treatment (1250ml). Therefore, the desalination process, the efficiency of desalination, the efficiency of input-output and the principle of water saving should be considered at the same time to improve the soil permeability, and the principle of desalting efficiency and input-output efficiency and water saving, 4 (desulphurizing stone) Paste 1%+ sand 30%+ distiller's grains 10%) has the best effect on the comprehensive improvement of saline alkali soil. Using 1320ml to reach the end of leaching, the desalination time shortens about 30 times, the total desalination efficiency is 89.4%, the salt content is reduced to 2.01g/kg, and the pH value is 7.82. It is the best combination and optimum ratio of mixed mixing test,.7. in the pot test, through the leaching of the various mixing. The germination rate of ryegrass planted by mixing treatment was above 95%, and the growth trend was good. It showed that it was very effective to improve the saline alkali soil by mixing mixing technology. The best combination treatment of 4 cultivated ryegrass was the maximum, and the results of mixed mixing soil column test were verified.
【学位授予单位】：天津理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S156.42

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