溴氰虫酰胺种子处理防治玉米田小地老虎

发布时间：2018-06-07 04:20

本文选题：溴氰虫酰胺 + 种子处理　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：玉米是我国重要的三大粮食作物之一,属于粮食-经济-饲料三元结构作物。自20世纪初,玉米“精量播种”技术就已经传入我国,单粒播种技术因省工、省种、促进高产等优势,近年来逐步被农民接受。单粒播种的关键是“一粒种子,一棵苗”,因此,最重要的是保证玉米种子的出苗率及加强对玉米苗期病虫害的防治。小地老虎是玉米苗期主要的地下害虫之一,取食幼嫩的新叶等组织和切断茎基部进行为害,严重时会造成断垄,影响单粒播种技术的推广。目前,使用化学农药是防治小地老虎的主要手段,登记药剂为有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂。但是,随着同种药剂高剂量、高频率的施用,部分地区小地老虎已经对这三类传统的杀虫剂产生了不同程度的抗性。因此,亟需开发新型、高效、对非靶标生物安全的药剂和施药技术来缓解现有药剂面临的问题。溴氰虫酰胺是美国杜邦有限公司开发的新型邻苯二甲酰胺类杀虫剂,对多种鳞翅目害虫具有良好的杀虫活性,但防治小地老虎效果尚未明确。本文通过研究溴氰虫酰胺对小地老虎幼虫的毒力及亚致死效应,明确种子包衣后的安全使用剂量以及对小地老虎的防治效果和持效期,综合评价该药剂在小地老虎防治策略中的应用前景。主要结果如下:1.溴氰虫酰胺对小地老虎具有较高的毒力,对4龄幼虫的LC50为0.354μg/g。在LC5、LC20和LC40三个亚致死剂量下,溴氰虫酰胺显著延长了幼虫和蛹的发育历期,缩短雌雄成虫的寿命,降低了幼虫的存活率,降低了幼虫的化蛹率、成虫的羽化率、成虫的单雌产卵量以及子一代卵的孵化率。种群的内禀增长率r,周限增长率λ,净增殖率R0均显著低于对照组。溴氰虫酰胺在致死和亚致死剂量下均可以抑制小地老虎种群的发展速度。2.在15℃、20℃和25℃三个温度下,溴氰虫酰胺在2、4和8 g AI kg-1种子的剂量下进行种子处理对三个品种玉米(先玉335、郑单958、振杰5号)的发芽率和出苗率安全,且一定程度促进玉米株高等生理指标的增加。溴氰虫酰胺在2 g AI kg-1种子剂量下进行包衣温室盆栽种植后,出苗第14 d接小地老虎4龄幼虫,接虫5 d后小地老虎危害率小于10%,幼虫的致死率达到80%以上,而空白对照组危害率为60%~90%。因此,溴氰虫酰胺在2 g AI kg-1种子剂量下对小地老虎具有较好的效果,作为进行田间试验的推荐剂量。3.2015~2016年,在田间春玉米出苗后5 d接小地老虎4龄幼虫,接虫14 d后对小地老虎的防治效果分别为87.20%和80.90%,显著高于对照药剂氯虫苯甲酰胺同剂量的防治效果76.02%和67.07%;田间夏玉米出苗后5 d,接小地老虎4龄幼虫10 d后,对小地老虎的防治效果为85.04%和83.76%,显著高于同剂量氯虫苯甲酰胺的防治效果78.25%和73.60%。4.溴氰虫酰胺在2 g AI kg-1种子的剂量下包衣播种后,取不同时期的染毒玉米苗茎基部饲喂不同龄期的小地老虎幼虫。结果表明,春玉米出苗后第14 d,对3~4龄幼虫的致死率为80%~87.88%,对5~6龄幼虫的致死率为60.00%~73.33%。在夏玉米出苗后第7 d,对小地老虎3~6龄幼虫的致死率为76.67%~86.67%。夏玉米的生长速度和木质化程度显著高于春玉米,弥补了持效期缩短的劣势,满足对小地老虎的防治要求。
[Abstract]:Corn is one of the three important grain crops in China. It belongs to the grain - economy - feed three yuan structure crop. Since the early twentieth Century, the "precision seeding" technology has been introduced into China. The single seed sowing technology has been gradually accepted by farmers in recent years because of the advantages of labor saving, province, and high yield. The key of single seed sowing is "one seed, one seedling" Therefore, the most important thing is to guarantee the emergence rate of corn seeds and to strengthen the prevention and cure of the disease and insect pests of Maize at the seedling stage. Small tigers are one of the main underground pests of Maize at seedling stage, eating young new leaves and other tissues and cutting the base of stem. As the main means to prevent and control small tigers, the registered agents are organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides. However, with the high dose of the same drug and high frequency application, the small tigers in some areas have produced different degrees of resistance to these three kinds of traditional insecticides. The target biological safety agent and application technology to alleviate the existing drug problems. Bromo cyanamide is a new phthalic two formamide insecticide developed by DuPont Co., USA, which has good insecticidal activity for many Lepidoptera pests, but the effect of preventing small tigers is not clear. The virulence and sublethal effect of the larva of the tigers, the safe dosage after the coating of the seed and the effect and the duration to the small tigers, the application prospect of the agent in the prevention and control strategy of the small tigers was synthetically evaluated. The main results were as follows: 1. the 1. bromo cyanamide had high toxicity to the small old tiger and 0. to the 4 instar larvae. 354 mu g/g. at the three sublethal doses of LC5, LC20 and LC40 significantly prolonged the growth period of the larvae and pupae, shortened the longevity of the male and male adults, reduced the survival rate of the larvae, reduced the pupation rate of the larvae, the emergence rate of the adult, the egg production of the adult and the hatching rate of the first generation of eggs. The intrinsic rate of growth of the population was r, and the week of the population was r. The limit growth rate [lambda] and the net proliferation rate R0 were significantly lower than those of the control group. At the lethal and sublethal doses, the growth rate of the small tiger population could be inhibited by.2. at 15, 20 and 25 C, and the seeds treated with the dosage of 2,4 and 8 g AI kg-1 seeds were treated with three varieties of Maize (first jade 335, Zhengdan 95) 8, the germination rate and emergence rate were safe, and a certain degree promoted the increase of the higher physiological indexes of the maize plant. Bromo cyanamide was planted in a greenhouse with 2 g AI kg-1 seeds, and fourteenth D received 4 instar larvae of small tigers, and the harm rate of the small tigers was less than 10% after 5 d, and the death rate of the larvae reached more than 80%. The harm rate of the blank control group was 60%~90%., so the cyanamide had a good effect on the small tigers at the 2 g AI kg-1 seed dosage. As the recommended dose for field trials, the 5 d received 4 instar larvae of the small tigers in the field after the field spring maize, and the control effect on the small tigers was 87.20% and 80.9, respectively. 0%, the control effect was significantly higher than that of the control agent chlorworm benzamide at the same dosage of 76.02% and 67.07%; after the field summer maize seedlings were 5 D and 10 d of the 4 instar larvae of small tigers, the control effect on small tigers was 85.04% and 83.76%, which was significantly higher than that of the same dosage of chloroacetamide and 73.60%.4. bromo cyanamide in 2 g AI kg-1 species. The results showed that the mortality of spring maize fourteenth d after seedling emergence was 80%~87.88%, and the mortality rate of 5~6 larvae was 60.00%~73.33%. to seventh d after Xia Yu rice emergence, and to 3~6 larvae of small tigers. The growth rate and lignification degree of 76.67%~86.67%. summer maize were significantly higher than that of spring maize, which made up for the disadvantage of shortening the duration of the effect, and met the prevention and control requirements for the small tigers.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S435.132

【参考文献】