田间自动管渠节水灌溉装置的研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 05:08

本文选题：管渠 + 自动化　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是一个严重缺水的国家,同时仅农业灌溉用水约占国民生产用水的70%以上,因此,农业节水是缓解我国水资源短缺的重要措施。目前,我国绝大多数的耕地均采用传统的灌溉方法,即畦灌和沟灌等,灌溉时畦首或沟首渗漏严重,产生深层渗漏,造成水肥的浪费,而畦尾或沟尾处所得到的水分往往不足,致使灌溉均匀度低,水的利用效率低,形成大量的灌溉水浪费。怎样处理这种情况已经成为一个亟待解决的问题。田间自动管渠节水灌溉装置包括田间管渠系统和水动力系统。其中,所述田间管渠系统,包括供水池、管渠、牵引绳、滑轮、球塞和闸阀;所述水动力系统,包括多级节能水轮机、传动轴、主动轮和从动轮。该装置由管道来水带动多级节能水轮机转动来提供动力,由变速系统将水轮机的转动转换为牵引绳的牵引力,从而带动球塞移动,当管渠中的灌溉水遇到球塞时,会从球塞处开始溢出,从而实现自动节水灌溉的目的。该系统的节水效果明显,比传统灌溉节水19.35%左右,大量节省灌溉用水,有效的节约了我国的农业用水资源紧缺的问题。同时该系统灌水均匀准确,对水质要求不高,基本解决了传统灌溉方式的畦、沟灌水首尾均匀度低,灌溉水利用效率低下的问题。并且该系统利用渠道灌溉水作为动力,控制灌溉系统而自动完成灌溉,省去了外加动力、省去了人工灌溉的劳动,解放了劳动力。该系统在农田灌溉方面相较于传统灌溉方式具有显著的优势,对于缓解我国农业用水紧张的问题具有重要的现实意义,具有一定的推广应用价值。
[Abstract]:China is a country with serious water shortage, and only agricultural irrigation water accounts for more than 70% of the national water consumption. Therefore, agricultural water saving is an important measure to alleviate the shortage of water resources in China. At present, most of the cultivated land in our country adopts the traditional irrigation methods, such as border irrigation and furrow irrigation. During irrigation, the head of the furrow or the head of the furrow is seeped seriously, which results in deep leakage, resulting in waste of water and fertilizer, and the water obtained at the end of the furrow or the tail of the furrow is often insufficient. As a result, irrigation uniformity is low, water utilization efficiency is low, and a large amount of irrigation water is wasted. How to deal with this situation has become an urgent problem. The water-saving irrigation device of field automatic pipe canal includes field pipe-canal system and hydrodynamic system. The field pipe and canal system comprises a water supply pool, a pipe canal, a traction rope, a pulley, a ball plug and a gate valve; the hydrodynamic system comprises a multistage energy-saving hydraulic turbine, a drive shaft, an active wheel and a slave wheel. The device is driven by pipeline water to drive multi-stage energy-saving turbine rotation to provide power. The variable speed system converts the turbine rotation into the traction force of the traction rope, thus driving the ball plug to move. When the irrigation water in the pipe and canal encounters the ball plug, Will start from the ball plug overflow, thus achieving the purpose of automatic water-saving irrigation. The water saving effect of this system is obvious, which is about 19.35% more than that of traditional irrigation. It saves irrigation water greatly and effectively saves the shortage of agricultural water resources in our country. At the same time, the system is uniform and accurate, and the water quality is not high. It basically solves the problems of traditional irrigation, low uniformity of irrigation head and tail, and low efficiency of irrigation water use. The system uses canal irrigation water as the power, controls the irrigation system and completes the irrigation automatically, saves the external power, saves the manual irrigation labor, and liberates the labor force. Compared with the traditional irrigation method, the system has obvious advantages, and has important practical significance in alleviating the shortage of agricultural water in our country, and has certain value of popularization and application.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S277.9

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