枣林间作牧草品种筛选及综合评价

发布时间：2018-06-10 13:28

本文选题：枣林 + 间作　；参考：《塔里木大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：新疆虽然占国土面积较大,但是人均可耕地面积少,水资源紧缺,天然草场放牧压力大,饲草料不足和营养价值低严重影响畜牧业发展,因此,本试验开展林下间作牧草,解决饲草料短缺和品质差等问题,在新疆阿克苏地区枣林下种植衡谷13(Setaria italica)、汾绿肥豆2号(Glycine max)、黄花草木樨(Melilotus officinalis)和四个紫花苜蓿(Madicago sativa)品种,通过对牧草种子耐盐性、林下牧草生产性能、营养价值和光合作用、对土壤理化性质测定以及对枣林产量和品质的影响,筛选出适宜阿克苏地区枣林间作的牧草品种。研究结果如下:(1)耐盐能力测定,HM1和HM2随复盐浓度增加先升高后降低,在0.3%复盐浓度下HM1、HM2和汾绿肥豆2号发芽率最高,其他5个品种随复盐浓度增加而降低。汾绿肥豆2号耐盐性最好,其次是HM2HM1HM3HM4衡谷13草木樨。(2)对牧草生产潜力和营养价值测定,苜蓿净光合速率HM2HM1HM4HM3。干草产量衡谷13号为1020.51kg·667m-2,汾绿肥豆2号为663.07kg·667m-2,HM2、HM1、HM3、HM4,草木樨干草产量由高到低平均分别为:963.84 kg·667m-2、881.02 kg·667m-2、786.51 kg·667m-2、773.56 kg·667m-2,737.65kg·667m-2。豆科牧草蛋白含量在18.08%~12.47%,禾本科为7.25%,相对饲喂价值豆科牧草在155.30~142.95,禾本科为92.48。综合分析产量和营养成分HM1HM2HM3HM4草木樨衡谷13汾绿肥豆2号。(3)枣林下间作牧草对土壤理化性质有改善作用,牧草可降低土壤p H(p0.05)。草木樨和HM1土壤有机质含量比对照提高了83.43%、86.26%,0~20cm土层差异显著(p0.05),碱解氮含量HM2、HM1、HM3、HM4比对照提高了96.54%、81.64%、67.18%、26.17%。速效磷含量HM1、HM2、HM3、HM4分别比对照提高了109.66%、93.42%、89.75%、42.31%。速效钾含量HM1、HM2分别比对照提高了5.93%、3.79%。综合分析改良土壤肥力HM1HM2HM3HM4草木樨汾绿肥豆2号衡谷13。(4)对枣林经济产量和果品测定,种植紫花苜蓿HM1和HM2红枣产量比枣林单作分别提高了5.97%、4.28%,HM3总糖含量46.66ug·ml-1,总酸含量0.45%,分别比纯枣林提高19.37%、11%。综合分析HM3改善红枣口感最佳,其次是HM2HM1HM4草木樨。枣林间作HM1和HM2净利润分别提高了5.98%和4.28%,其次是HM3HM4汾绿肥豆2号草木樨衡谷13。综合分析推荐林下种植品种为HM1。
[Abstract]:Although Xinjiang occupies a large area of land, per capita arable land area is small, water resources are scarce, grazing pressure on natural pasture is high, forage shortage and low nutritional value seriously affect the development of animal husbandry. In order to solve the problem of forage shortage and poor quality, under jujube forest in Aksu area, Xinjiang, we planted Heng Gu 13 Setaria italicaer, Fen Green manure Bean 2 Glycine maxia, Melilotus officinalis) and four Alfalfa varieties Madicago sativa. The forage varieties suitable for the intercropping of jujube forests in Aksu area were screened out, including their production performance, nutritional value and photosynthesis, the determination of soil physical and chemical properties and the effects on the yield and quality of jujube forest. The results were as follows: (1) the salt tolerance ability of HM1 and HM2 increased first and then decreased with the increase of salt concentration. The germination rates of HM1HM2 and Fen Mudou Dou 2 were the highest at the concentration of 0.3% double salt, while the other five varieties decreased with the increase of double salt concentration. Fen mung manure bean 2 had the best salt tolerance, followed by HM2HM1HM3HM4, HM2HM1HM3HM4) for the determination of forage productivity and nutritional value, and the net photosynthetic rate of alfalfa HM2HM1HM4HM3. Hanggu 13 was 1020.51kg 667m-2, Fen Mudou 2 was 663.07kg 667m-2HM2HM1HM3HM3HM4. The average yield of sweet clover from high to low was 1 963.84 kg 667m-2881.02 kg 667m-2786.51 kg 667m-2773.56 kg 667m-2737.65kg 667m-2. The protein content of leguminous forage grass is 18.08 and 7.25 respectively. The relative feeding value of leguminous forage is 155.300.142.95 and that of gramineous is 92.48. Comprehensive analysis of yield and nutrition components HM1HM2HM3HM4 Sweet clover Heng Heng 13 Fen Green manure Dou No. 2. 3) the intercropping forage under jujube forest can improve the soil physical and chemical properties, and the forage grass can reduce the soil pH 0.05. The content of organic matter in soil of sweet clover and HM1 was 83.43 and 86.260.The difference of soil organic matter was significant (p 0.05), and the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (HM2 + HM1, HM3HM4) was 96.54A81.64HM3HM4 higher than that of the control. The content of available phosphorus, HM1, HM2HM3, HM4, increased 109.66, 93.42, 89.75, 42.31, respectively, compared with the control. The available potassium content of HM1 + HM2 was 5.93% and 3.79% higher than that of the control, respectively. The effects of improved soil fertility HM1HM2HM3HM4 on economic yield and fruit of jujube forest were analyzed. The yield of alfalfa HM1 and HM2 red jujube increased 5.97% than that of jujube forest alone. The total sugar content of HM3 and total acid content of HM1 and HM2 were increased by 5.97% and 0.45%, respectively, and the total sugar content and total acid content of HM1 and HM2 jujube were increased by 19.3737 and 11%, respectively, compared with that of jujube forest. Comprehensive analysis showed that HM3 improved jujube taste best, followed by HM2HM1HM4. The net profit of HM1 and HM2 increased by 5.98% and 4.28% respectively, followed by HM3HM4 fen mung manure No. 2 sweet clover. Comprehensive analysis suggested that HM1 was recommended under the forest.
【学位授予单位】：塔里木大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S54;S665.1

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