辽宁省凌源市日光温室黄瓜高产栽培典型环境管理经验剖析

发布时间：2018-06-12 12:12

  本文选题：凌源市 + 越冬栽培　； 参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文选取"辽宁日光温室黄瓜生产第一县"辽宁省朝阳凌源市的三户日光温室黄瓜越冬栽培高产典型,对温室内环境情况和温室结构进行调查研究。旨在总结凌源市黄瓜高产的典型环境调控经验参数,经分析找出其优缺点,优化后作为凌源市越冬黄瓜高产栽培环境调控办法进行推广。为达到同步、持续采集和远距离观测温室内多项环境参数,进行三栋温室的同步比较的目的,本试验定制了智能物联温室参数采集系统。在三栋温室内同时安装该系统并进行环境参数监测和收集。选取温室内温度管理、光环境管理、水环境管理、二氧化碳浓度变化管理进行分析并得出结论:1、午间高温和夜间适温是凌源黄瓜高产的典型环境调控手段。环境温度在午间平均温度高达40℃,在采收期前持续0.18-0.71h,在采收期间平均最低高温持续时长为1.4h。夜温调控上,在"蹲苗"期间平均揭盖帘温度控制在12℃。在结果期揭帘温度不低于15℃,盖帘温度不低于18℃。土壤温度在日间和月间均无显著变化。平均土壤温度最低为19℃满足黄瓜根系发育所需。2、凌源地区温室内光环境适宜,越冬期间最低午间光照强度在35klx以上满足黄瓜越冬生长所需。在光照时间调控上保证晴天最低8h以上的植株见光时长。3、温室内湿度环境较差,越冬期间平均温室相对湿度85%以上持续时间在15h以上。饱和湿度持续时间在12h以上。极易爆发高湿病害。为保证植株在午间高温管理时不受到伤害,凌源温室午间高温持续时温室内平均相对湿度最低维持在57%以上。土壤湿度环境稳定,在日间和月间均无显著变化。由于农户在滴灌的灌水量和灌水次数上运用不合理,或使用膜下漫灌的错误灌溉方式导致三栋土壤湿度在48%左右,并不能满足黄瓜的根系需求。4、凌源日光温室黄瓜越冬生产使用CO_2气肥还不普遍,在午间高温防风前施用二氧化碳肥是凌源黄瓜进一步高产的潜力所在。在温室结构方面,对温室的热特性和采光特性并得出结论:1、热特性:凌源温室以墙体75%以上的有效蓄热率为温室提供良好的保温蓄热能力。温室的保温结构不统一,后坡建造缺陷严重有效蓄热率2%左右导致温室的升温能力不统一影响温环境的变化。2、采光特性:凌源用于黄瓜越冬生产的日光温室日平均透光率在75.6%～83.7%,采光结构设计的不统一、屋面形状不合理导致的光照损失对各温室采光效果产生一定影响。
[Abstract]:In this paper, three solar greenhouse cucumbers of Liaoning Province, the first county of Liaoning solar greenhouse, which are the first county of Liaoning Province, are selected to study the high yield of Cucumber in the greenhouse, and the environment conditions and the structure of the greenhouse are investigated. The purpose is to sum up the typical environmental regulation and control parameters of the high yield of Cucumber in Lingyuan, and to find out the advantages and disadvantages after the analysis. In order to achieve synchronization, continuous collection and remote observation of many indoor environmental parameters, the purpose of synchronized comparison between three greenhouses was carried out for the purpose of synchronizing the environmental parameters of the high yield cultivation in Lingyuan. In this experiment, the intelligent material collection system was customized. The system was installed at the same time and the environmental parameters were monitored at the same time in three warm rooms. The temperature management, light environment management, water environment management and the change management of carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse were analyzed and the conclusion was drawn as follows: 1, middle afternoon temperature and night temperature are typical environmental control means for high yield of Cucumber in Lingyuan. The average temperature of the environment is up to 40 C in the midday average temperature, and it continues to be 0.18-0.71h in the harvest period before the harvest period. The average minimum temperature of the average minimum temperature was controlled by 1.4h. night temperature. The average cover temperature of the cover curtain was controlled at 12 C during the "seedling" period. In the result period, the curtain temperature was not less than 15, and the cover temperature was not less than 18. The soil temperature was not significantly changed between day and month. The lowest average soil temperature was 19 centigrade to meet the needs of cucumber root development, Lingyuan land. In the greenhouse, the light environment is suitable, and the lowest noon light intensity is more than 35klx to meet the growth of the cucumber over wintering during the overwintering period. In the light time regulation, the plant that ensures the minimum 8h above the sunshine time is.3, the humidity in the greenhouse is poor, the average relative humidity of the greenhouse is over 85% over 15h during the winter, and the saturated humidity continues. The time is above 12h. High humidity is easy to break out. In order to ensure that the plant is not hurt in the midday high temperature management, the average relative humidity in the warm room temperature of Lingyuan greenhouse is maintained at least 57%. The soil moisture environment is stable, and there is no significant change between day and month. The use of improper irrigation, or the use of wrong irrigation under the membrane flooding, causes three soil moisture to be about 48%, and it can not meet the root demand of cucumber.4. The use of CO_2 gas fertilizer in the winter production of Cucumber in Lingyuan solar greenhouse is not universal. The application of carbon dioxide fertilizer to the high yield of Cucumber in the midday high temperature windbreak is the potential for the further high yield of Cucumber in the greenhouse. In terms of structure, the thermal characteristics and lighting characteristics of greenhouse are concluded as follows: 1, thermal characteristics: Lingyuan greenhouse provides good heat preservation and storage capacity for the greenhouse with more than 75% of the effective heat storage rate of the wall. The heat preservation structure of the greenhouse is not uniform, the serious effective heat storage rate of the rear slope construction defect is 2% left right and the warming ability of the greenhouse does not affect the temperature environment unify. Variation.2, lighting characteristics: the daily average transmittance of the sunlight greenhouse used in the greenhouse production of Cucumber in Lingyuan is 75.6% to 83.7%, the design of the lighting structure is not unified, and the light loss caused by the unreasonable roof shape has a certain effect on the greenhouse effect.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S626;S642.2
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本文编号：2009633