闽南低山森林植物群落数量特征研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 00:12

本文选题：森林群落 + 物种多样性　；参考：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,随着晋江市经济急速增长,工业化与城市化进程加快,城市环境问题日趋突出,经济发展逐步成为城市生物多样性保护、生态平衡维持的干扰因素之一。森林资源作为陆地重要的生态系统主体,是城市经济可持续发展不可或缺的自然资源。探讨晋江市森林群落特征及其与环境因子之间的相互关系,可为晋江市森林生态建设提供理论依据,旨在实现晋江市森林资源可持续发展。为此,以晋江市紫帽山和灵源山森林群落作为研究对象,对比分析紫帽山与灵源山森林植被组成特征与群落特征,揭示其物种组成与环境之间的耦合关系,主要结果如下:(1)紫帽山群落内植物有39科65属84种,灵源山群落植物有38科58属60种,紫帽山物种数多于灵源山。紫帽山蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、禾本科(Gramineae)和桃金娘科(Myrtaceae)植物较多;乔木层中马尾松(Pinus massoniana)和柠檬桉(Eucalyptus citriodora)重要值最大,龙眼(Dimocarpus lowgan)聚块指数较高;灌木层中鹅掌柴(Schefflera octophylla)和中华叶海棠(Bredia sinensis)重要值最大,马缨丹(Lantana camara)聚块指数较高;草本层为莎草(Cyperus rotundus.)和芒萁(Dicranopteris dichotoma)重要值最大,蓟(Cirsium japonicum)的聚块指数较大。灵源山群落中禾本科、菊科(Asteraceae)和豆科(Leguminosae)植物较多;乔木层中木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia)和马尾松重要值最大,杨梅(Myricarubra)聚块指数较高;灌木层中马缨丹和鹅掌柴重要值最大,大青(Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum)聚块指数较高;草本层中荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)和芒萁重要值最大,淡竹叶(Lophatherum gracile)聚块指数较高。(2)紫帽山与灵源山森林群落多样性与稳定性研究表明:灵源山森林群落乔木层Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener指数与Pielou指数高于紫帽山,灌木层和草本层表现为紫帽山高于灵源山;紫帽山与灵源山群落科的相似性系数为0.74,属的为0.67,群落物种组成基本一致。紫帽山与灵源山森林群落稳定性比较结果为:紫帽山乔木层交点坐标为21.327/78.673,灵源山乔木层交点坐标为26.112/73.888,均靠近20/80稳定点表明两个森林群落乔木层呈现稳定状态;紫帽山与灵源山灌木层交点坐标分别为36.406/63.594和32.600/67.401,两者较远离稳定点,均呈现为不稳定状态。(3)对紫帽山和灵源山生态宽度与生态位重叠进行计算,结果表明:紫帽山森林群落中,乔木层、灌木层和草本层中分别是鹅掌柴、马缨丹和肿柄菊生态位宽度最大,其中乔木层171对种对中具有生态位重叠的种对有85对,占总种对的49.71%。灵源山乔木层、灌木层和草本层生态位宽度最大分别为马尾松、野海棠与莎草,其中乔木层136对种对中具有生态位重叠的种对共有74对,占总种对的54.41%。(4)利用种间联结系数测定紫帽山与灵源山种间联结关联程度,结果显示:紫帽山与灵源山森林群落中乔木层和灌木层正关联的种对对数多于负关联种对对数,没有出现强负关联种对,而且关联系数在值域[-0.2,0.2]的明显偏多,表明紫帽山和灵源山森林群落中整体表现出正关联,样地中竞争激烈的种对相对较少,大多数物种间处于相对独立状态。(5)对紫帽山与灵源山物种组成与环境因子CCA排序研究表明:紫帽山地形环境因子中坡向(ASP)及土壤环境因子土壤全磷(TP)和土壤全钾(TK)含量与乔灌草三层物种之间的关系都比较紧密。同时,主要影响灵源山物种分布的环境因子为速效钾(AK)、pH值、坡度(Slope)和海拔(Elev),且它们之间都呈现较强的相关性。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening to the outside world, with the rapid economic growth of Jinjiang and the accelerated process of industrialization and urbanization, the urban environmental problems have become increasingly prominent. Economic development has gradually become one of the interference factors for the protection of urban biodiversity and the maintenance of ecological balance. As an important main body of the land, the sustainable development of the city economy is impossible. The relationship between the characteristics of Jinjiang forest community and its environmental factors can provide a theoretical basis for the forest ecological construction in Jinjiang and the sustainable development of the forest resources in Jinjiang. Therefore, the Purple Hat Mountain and Lingyuan mountain forest colony in Jinjiang city are taken as the research object, and the Purple Hat Mountain and the spirit are compared and analyzed. The characteristics of the vegetation composition and community characteristics of the source mountain forest reveal the coupling relationship between the species composition and the environment. The main results are as follows: (1) there are 39 families, 65 genera and 84 species of plants in the purple hat mountain community, and 38 families and 58 genera 60 species of the Lingyuan mountain community, and the purple hat mountain species are more than the Lingyuan mountain. Myrtaceae (Pinus massoniana) and Eucalyptus citrate (Eucalyptus citriodora) are the most important values in the tree layer, and the aggregation index of Longan (Dimocarpus lowgan) is higher; the important value of goose palm wood (Schefflera octophylla) and Chinese Ye Haitang (Bredia sinensis) in the shrub layer is the largest, and the mass index of Lantana Lantana (Lantana) is higher. The herb (Cyperus rotundus.) and the Dicranopteris dichotoma (Dicranopteris dichotoma) have the greatest important value, and the block index of the thistle (Cirsium japonicum) is larger. The Gramineae, the Compositae (Asteraceae) and the leguminous (Leguminosae) plants of the Lingyuan community are more, and the largest value of the Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarina equisetifolia) and Masson Pine in the tree layer, and the bayberry (Myric) Arubra) the aggregation index is higher; the important value of Lantana and goose palm in shrub layer is the largest, and the aggregation index of Daqing (Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum) is higher; the important value of Arthraxon hispidus and the ospress in the herb layer is the largest, and the aggregation index of the light bamboo leaf (Lophatherum gracile) is higher. (2) the diversity and stability of the forest community in the Purple Hat Mountain and Lingyuan mountain The results show that the tree layer Simpson diversity index of the Lingyuan mountain forest community, the Shannon-Wiener index and the Pielou index are higher than the purple hat mountain, the shrub layer and the herb layer show that the purple hat mountain is higher than the Lingyuan mountain. The similarity coefficient of the Purple Hat Mountain and Lingyuan mountain community family is 0.74, the genus is 0.67, the group composition is basically the same. The Purple Hat Mountain and Lingyuan forest forest are basically the same. The results of the community stability are as follows: the intersection point coordinates of the Purple Hat Mountain arbor layer are 21.327/78.673, and the intersection point coordinates of the Lingyuan mountain arbor layer are 26.112/73.888, which are close to the stable point of 20/80, indicating that the tree layer of the two forest communities is stable, and the intersection coordinates of the Purple Hat Mountain and Lingyuan shrub layer are divided into 36.406/63.594 and 32.600/67.401, both of which are far from stable. (3) the ecological width and niche overlap of the purple Mt. mountain and Lingyuan mountain were calculated. The results showed that in the forest community of the purple hats mountain, the tree layer, shrub layer and herbaceous layer were respectively the goose palm wood, and the ecologic niche of Lantana and sassanthema was the largest, of which 171 pairs of species with ecologic niche overlap in the tree layer. There are 85 pairs, the largest niche breadth of the 49.71%. Lingyuan mountain, shrub layer and herbaceous layer, which are the largest in the total species, are Pinus massoniana, Begonia and sedge respectively, of which 136 pairs of species with ecologic niche overlap in the tree layer are 74 pairs, and 54.41%. (4) of the total species is used to determine the interspecific connection between the Purple Hat Mountain and Lingyuan mountain by interspecific association coefficient. The results show that the logarithm of the tree layer and shrub layer in the forest community of the purple hats mountain and Lingyuan mountain forest community is more than the negative correlation species to the logarithm, and there is no strong negative correlation, and the correlation coefficient is significantly higher in the range of [-0.2,0.2], indicating that the forest community in the Purple Hat Mountain and Lingyuan mountain has a positive correlation, and the competition is fierce in the sample land. The species pairs were relatively small, and most of the species were relatively independent. (5) the study on the species composition and environmental factors CCA of the purple mountain and Lingyuan mountain showed that the relationship between the ASP and the soil environmental factors in the purple hats mountain and the soil environmental factors, the soil total phosphorus (TP) and the total potassium (TK) content of the soil were closely related to the species of the arbor grass. At the same time, the environmental factors that mainly affect the species distribution of Lingyuan mountain are available potassium (AK), pH value, gradient (Slope) and elevation (Elev), and there is a strong correlation between them.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S718.54

【参考文献】