不同施氮水平对粳稻株型及生理特性的影响

发布时间：2018-06-20 01:50

本文选题：粳稻 + 施氮水平　；参考：《吉林农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：水稻生产过程中氮素利用效率是重要研究课题,所以提高水稻氮素利用率在水稻生产中尤为重要。本试验以吉林省主要推广的4个粳稻品种为试验材料,设置4种水平的施氮处理,即0N(0kg N/hm~2)、1N(70kg N/hm~2)、2N(140kg N/hm~2)、3N(210kg N/hm~2)4种施氮水平,研究了四个施氮水平对4种粳稻的株型、农艺性状、光合能力、生理指标、产量及构成因素的影响,并对4个粳稻品种不同施氮条件下的氮素利用效率进行了研究。研究结果表明:1、四个粳稻品种株高从分蘖到拔节期株高随着氮素增加有不显著增加,抽穗期在高氮水平(2N,3N)下株高较高。氮素对四个粳稻品种第一节间影响显著大于第二,三节间。随着施氮水平的增加吉农大505、吉农大603与吉农大809叶面积在高氮水平(2N,3N)下对氮素响应显著较高。吉农大505、吉农大809、吉农大815叶夹角与分蘖随着氮水平增加有不显著增加,株型表现为随着氮素增加株高较高,叶片弯曲程度大,且分蘖变多。2、灌浆期高氮(2N,3N)促进四个粳稻品种叶绿素含量增加,净光合速率在叶片中表现为剑叶倒二叶倒三叶,氮素对吉农大505与吉农大603品种剑叶与倒二叶净光合速率影响不显著,吉农大809倒二叶与倒三叶中2N净光合速率较高。3、灌浆期吉农大505、吉农大603与吉农大815品种SOD酶活性在不同氮水平下无显著性差异,吉农大809品种倒三叶1N水平中SOD酶活性最大。氮素对POD酶活性在吉农大603 2N水平下有促进效果,吉农大809低氮水平(0N,1N)POD酶活性显著高于高氮水平(2N,3N),吉农大815在倒二叶与倒三叶3N水平下POD含量较高。四个粳稻品种在低氮水平(0N,1N)中CAT酶活性对氮素响应较高,剑叶与倒二叶中可溶性蛋白含量随着氮水平有不显著增加,在低氮水平(0N,1N)中可溶性糖含量具有一定优势。4、四个粳稻品种全氮含量与氮素吸收量随着氮素增加有上升趋势,氮素利用率方面吉农大505在2N中最高,吉农大603、吉农大815随着氮素增加而增加。吉农大505与吉农大809在2N中产量最高,吉农大603在3N中产量最高,吉农大815在1N-3N水平下产量增加不显著。全氮含量与产量相关性表明吉农大505茎、吉农大603各器官全氮含量与产量呈极显著正相关,吉农大809各器官全氮含量与产量呈显著正相关。吉农大815全氮含量与产量正相关。本试验条件下,吉农大505施氮量在140kg/hm~2氮素利用率最高,吉农大603施氮量在210 kg/hm~2产量和氮素利用率高,吉农大809在140 kg/hm~2以上施氮量下产量和氮素利用率较高,吉农大815在施氮水平下产量可小幅度提高,但氮素利用率提高不显著。
[Abstract]:Nitrogen use efficiency in rice production is an important research topic, so it is particularly important to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency in rice production. Four japonica rice varieties in Jilin Province were used as experimental materials. Four levels of nitrogen application treatments were set up, I. e., 0 N0 kg N ~ (-1) N ~ (-1) N ~ (-1) N ~ (-1) N ~ (-1) N ~ (-1) N ~ (-1) N ~ (2 +) ~ (2) N ~ (2 +) ~ (140) N ~ (2 +) N ~ (2 +) N ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) N _ (10) N _ (210kg) N _ (10) N ~ (2 +) N _ (10) N ~ (-1) N level for 4 japonica rice varieties, agronomic characters, photosynthesis ability, and N _ 2 application level. The effects of physiological indexes, yield and composition factors on nitrogen use efficiency of four japonica rice varieties under different nitrogen application conditions were studied. The results showed that the plant height of four japonica rice varieties from tiller to jointing stage did not increase significantly with the increase of nitrogen, but the plant height at heading stage was higher than that at high nitrogen level. The effect of nitrogen on the first Internode of four japonica rice varieties was significantly greater than that of the second and third Internode. With the increase of nitrogen application level, the leaf area of Jinongda 603 and Jinongda 809 was significantly higher than that of Jinongda 603 and Jinongda 809 at high nitrogen level (2Nu 3N). The interleaf angle and tiller of Jinongda 815 did not increase significantly with the increase of nitrogen level, but the plant type showed that the plant height was higher and the leaf bending degree was larger with the increase of nitrogen. Moreover, the tillers became more. 2, and the high nitrogen content at the filling stage increased the chlorophyll content of the four japonica rice varieties. The net photosynthetic rate in the leaves of the four japonica rice varieties was as follows: the second leaf, the third leaf. The effect of nitrogen on the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf and second leaf of Jinongda 505 and Jinongda 603 was not significant. The net photosynthetic rate of 2N in the second leaf of Jinongda 809 was higher than that in the third leaf, and the net photosynthetic rate of 2N in the second leaf and the third leaf of Jinongda 809 was higher than that in the third leaf. There was no significant difference in the activity of SOD between Jinongda 603 and Jinongda 815 at different nitrogen levels, and the SOD activity of Jinongda 809 was the highest at the level of 1N in the upper third leaf of Jinongda 809. The POD activity of Jinongda 809 was significantly higher than that of the high nitrogen level of 2N ~ 3N ~ 3N, and the content of POD of Jinongda 815 was higher than that of Jinongda 815 at the level of 3N of the second leaf and the third leaf of the third leaf. The activity of POD of Jinongda 809 was significantly higher than that of the high nitrogen level of 2N ~ 3N ~ (3 N), and the content of POD of Jinongda 815 was higher than that of Jinongda 809. The cat activity of four japonica rice varieties at low nitrogen level was higher than that of the other two leaves, but the soluble protein content in the flag leaf and the second leaf did not increase significantly with the nitrogen level. The total nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake of four japonica rice varieties increased with the increase of nitrogen, and the nitrogen utilization ratio of Jinongda 505 was the highest in 2N. Jinongda 603, Jinongda 815 increased with the increase of nitrogen. The yield of Jinongda 505 and Jinongda 809 was the highest in 2N, the yield of Jinongda 603 was the highest in 3N, and the yield of Jinongda 815 was not significantly increased at 1N-3N level. The correlation between total nitrogen content and yield showed that the total nitrogen content of each organ of Jinongda 603 was significantly and positively correlated with yield, and the total nitrogen content of each organ of Jinongda 809 was significantly positively correlated with yield. The total nitrogen content of Jinongda 815 was positively correlated with yield. Under the experimental conditions, the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of Jinongda 505 was the highest in 140kg/hm~2, the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of Jinongda 603 was high at 210 kg/hm~2, and the yield and nitrogen utilization ratio of Jinongda 809 was higher than that of Nongda 809 at the rate above 140 kg/hm~2. The yield of Jinongda 815 increased slightly under nitrogen application level, but the nitrogen utilization rate was not significantly increased.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511.22

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