旱涝急转条件下水稻响应规律与水分生产函数研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 01:53

本文选题：水稻 + 旱涝急转　；参考：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：频发的旱涝急转胁迫越来越成为农业水灾害防治的重点和亟待解决的难题。因此,研究旱涝急转条件下作物的响应规律以及水分生产函数对于制定稻田合理的灌溉排水策略有着重要意义,它不但能减少水旱交替胁迫对作物的影响,也有助于实现水资源的科学合理利用。为了研究旱涝急转对水稻的影响规律,在安徽省新马桥农水综合试验站进行了旱涝急转条件下水稻栽培试验。通过水稻测桶栽培受旱和淹水池受涝相结合的试验方式人工模拟旱涝急转情境,采用正交试验设计方法作了关于水稻遭遇旱涝急转的如下研究:(1)在旱涝急转频发的各主要生育期内该胁迫对水稻生长发育的影响规律,主要包括茎蘖生长动态、株高生长动态、作物同化物分配以及生育期时长;主要生理特性指标(包括光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度)在旱涝急转条件下的一日及逐日变化规律;旱涝急转对作物产量及其性状的影响规律,以及跨分蘖-拔节期该胁迫与单一旱、涝对作物产量及其性状影响规律的差异。研究发现,在分蘖期和拔节期,水稻的生长发育及生理特性情况虽然在受旱阶段受到明显抑制,但进入洪涝胁迫阶段以及旱涝急转胁迫结束后恢复正常,植株生长等多呈现明显补偿甚至超补偿现象,而在抽穗期这种现象则不明显。各主要生育期遭遇胁迫最终产量降幅均达到30%以上,减产大小顺序为:拔节孕穗期分蘖期抽穗扬花期。旱涝急转胁迫下产量及其性状在与单一水分胁迫比较中并不占优,则证实了旱涝补偿作用的存在。(2)根据试验作物产量数据,建立了旱涝急转条件下作物水分生产函数的多元线性回归模型,模拟预测效果良好。同时基于对旱涝相互作用的考虑,在定义旱涝叠加效应系数的基础上,建立了考虑旱涝叠加效应的类Jensen模型,模型具有一定合理性,为旱涝急转条件下水分生产函数的研究开拓了思路。
[Abstract]:Frequent drought and waterlogging stress has become the focus of agricultural water disaster prevention and treatment and urgent problems need to be solved. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the crop response law and water production function under the condition of drought and flood, which can not only reduce the effect of alternate flood and drought stress on crops, but also play an important role in formulating rational irrigation and drainage strategies for paddy fields. It also helps to realize the scientific and rational utilization of water resources. In order to study the effect of drought and flood on rice, rice cultivation experiment was carried out at Xinmaqiao Agricultural Water Comprehensive Test Station in Anhui Province. In this paper, the drought and waterlogging situation were simulated artificially by combining the drought and flooding in rice pot culture. The orthogonal design method was used to study the effects of the stress on the growth and development of rice during the main growth periods, including the growth dynamics of stem tillers and plant height. The main physiological characteristics (including photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance) under the conditions of drought and flood, the daily and daily variation of the plant assimilate distribution and the growth period, and the main physiological characteristics (including photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance); The effect of drought and flood on crop yield and its characters, and the difference between the stress and single drought and waterlogging on crop yield and its characters at the stage of tiller and jointing. The results showed that at the tillering stage and jointing stage, the growth and physiological characteristics of rice were inhibited obviously in the drought stage, but they returned to normal at the stage of flood and waterlogging stress and the end of drought and flood stress. The plant growth showed obvious compensation or even overcompensation, but it was not obvious at heading stage. The final yield decreased by more than 30% in each main growth stage under stress, and the order of yield reduction was as follows: heading and flowering stage at jointing and booting stage at tillering stage. Under drought and flood stress, the yield and its characters are not superior to that of single water stress, which proves the existence of drought and flood compensation. (2) according to the experimental crop yield data, The multivariate linear regression model of crop water production function under the condition of drought and flood was established, and the simulation and prediction results were good. At the same time, based on the consideration of the interaction between drought and flood, and on the basis of defining the coefficient of superposition effect of drought and flood, a quasi-Jensen model considering the effect of drought and flood superposition is established. The model is reasonable to some extent. It has opened up a way for the study of water production function under the condition of drought and flood.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511;S42

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