重庆市紫色土的系统分类研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 03:10

本文选题：重庆 + 紫色土　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着土壤科学的发展,土壤分类发展的大趋势是定量化、标准化、规范化的土壤系统分类,因此,全面开展全国及区域土壤系统分类研究,有助于推动土壤科学与生产应用相结合。目前,我国已在诸多省份如福建、湖北、湖南、浙江等区域开展了土壤系统分类研究,而重庆市的土壤系统分类工作才刚刚起步。为全面了解重庆市紫色土的系统分类类型及分布,建立完整的土系类别,本文选取重庆市42个紫色土典型个体为研究对象,通过野外调查和采样分析等方法,获取重庆市紫色土典型个体的成土条件、剖面形态特征和分层理化性质等相关信息,参照中国土壤系统分类的原则和方法,明确重庆市紫色土典型个体的诊断层及诊断特性,划定其系统分类归属,拟定紫色土发生分类和系统分类之间的参比。主要研究结果如下:(1)气候、植被、地形、母质等方面的差异对土壤的剖面形态和理化性质影响较大。紫色土的粉粒和砂粒所占比例较大,土壤砾石含量高,物理风化作用较强,但化学风化作用微弱。紫色土色调为10RP~2.5Y,干态和润态色调几乎没有变化,润态明度和干态明度相比,几乎都减小1,各层次间彩度变化较小,紫色土在发生发育过程中脱硅富铝化作用不强。(2)依据《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》,研究区共鉴定出1个诊断表层:淡薄表层;3个诊断表下层:雏形层、黏化层和舌状层;1个诊断现象:铝质现象;8个诊断特性:土壤温度状况、土壤水分状况、准石质接触面、石灰性、人为扰动层次、氧化还原特征、铁质特性和岩性特征。(3)根据《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》,重庆市紫色土共划分出3个土纲,分别为雏形土、淋溶土和新成土;5个亚纲,分别为常湿雏形土、湿润雏形土、湿润淋溶土、人为新成土和正常新成土;10个土类和17个亚类。(4)参照《中国土壤系统分类土族和土系划分标准》,结合重庆市紫色土调查的实际情况,选择土壤颗粒大小级别、矿物学类型、酸碱性、土壤温度类别作为土族划分的依据,并选取土层深度和厚度、表层土壤质地、土壤中岩石碎屑、结核、浸入体、表土有机质、物质来源、土体颜色等作为土系划分的依据,共划分出36个土族和42个土系。(5)将重庆市紫色土发生分类土属与系统分类亚类进行参比,7个土壤发生分类土属级别单元对应17个土壤系统分类亚类级别单元,可以看出,在土壤发生分类与土壤系统分类之间,土壤类型并非呈现简单、单一的对应关系,土壤系统分类中同一亚类也可对应土壤发生分类中不同土属。两者之间的参比只是近似的参比,不能简单一一对应。
[Abstract]:With the development of soil science, the trend of soil classification development is quantifying, standardizing and standardizing the classification of soil systems. Therefore, the comprehensive development of national and regional classification of soil systems helps to promote the combination of soil science and production applications. At present, China has carried out in many provinces such as Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang and other regions. The classification of soil system in Chongqing has just started. In order to fully understand the classification and distribution of the systematic classification and distribution of purple soil in Chongqing and establish a complete soil category, this paper selects 42 typical individuals of purple soil in Chongqing as the research object, and obtains the purple of Chongqing city by field investigation and sampling analysis. According to the principles and methods of the classification of soil systems in China, the diagnostic and diagnostic characteristics of typical individuals in Chongqing are defined, and the classification and classification of the purple soil are defined and the reference ratio between the classification of purple soil and the classification of the systematic classification is drawn up. The results are as follows: (1) the differences in climate, vegetation, terrain and parent material have great influence on the profile and physicochemical properties of soil. The proportion of the particles and sand particles in the purple soil is larger, the soil gravel content is high, the physical weathering effect is stronger, but the chemical weathering is weak. The color of purple soil is 10RP~2.5Y, the dry state and the moist hue are almost not. The change, the brightness and the brightness of the dry state, almost all decreased by 1, the color degree of each level changed little, and the effect of desilication and aluminizing in the process of purple soil was not strong. (2) according to the classification of Chinese soil system (Third Edition), the study area identified 1 diagnostic surface layers: thin surface layer and 3 diagnostic subsurface layer: embryonic layer, sticky layer and tongue Form layer; 1 diagnostic phenomena: Aluminum phenomenon; 8 diagnostic characteristics: soil temperature, soil moisture status, paramilous contact surface, calcareous, human disturbance levels, redox characteristics, iron properties and lithology characteristics. (3) according to the Chinese soil system classification retrieval (Third Edition), Chongqing purple soil is divided into 3 Soil classes, respectively. The 5 subclasses, namely, the leaching soil and the new soil; the 5 subclasses are the normal humid rudiment soil, the humid rudiment soil, the humid leach soil, the artificial new soil and the normal new soil, 10 soil classes and 17 subtypes. (4) refer to the classification standard of the soil and soil system of China soil system classification, and choose the soil particle size grade and mineral in combination with the actual situation of the purple soil investigation in Chongqing. Type, acid-base, soil temperature category as the basis for the division of the soil, and select the depth and thickness of soil layer, surface soil texture, rock debris, tuberculosis, immersion, soil organic matter, material source, soil color and so on as the basis of the soil division, divided 36 Tu and 42 soil systems. (5) Chongqing purple soil occurs The classification of soil genera and system classification subcategory is compared with that of 7 soil classification units corresponding to 17 sub class units of soil classification. It can be seen that between soil classification and soil classification, soil types are not simple, single corresponding, and the same subclass in soil system classification can also correspond to soil. The classification of soil is different. The reference between the two is only approximate.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S155.25

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