藜麦叶斑病病原菌分离鉴定与防治

发布时间：2018-06-27 12:03

  本文选题：藜麦 + 叶斑病　； 参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa willd)属藜科,一年生双子叶植物,其营养丰富,是医疗保健价值较高的一年生粮饲兼用作物。本研究对内蒙古地区藜麦主要产区的病害进行普查,发现藜麦叶斑病发生普遍,为害较为严重,影响藜麦的生长发育,给藜麦生产造成较大的经济损失。本文对藜麦叶斑病的发生及防治进行了初步探讨。得出以下结论:从内蒙古凉城县藜麦产区采集典型症状的藜麦发病叶片样品,分离得到3株致病菌,经过形态学观察和分子鉴定,均为链孢属(Alternaria),但是归属于不同的种。对致病性强菌株LC-4进行了生物学特性测定,该菌株在10 ℃～35 ℃内均可以生长,最适温度为25 ℃左右,在30℃的条件下孢子萌发量最大。在pH 3-10均可生长,其中最适为pH 7,随着酸碱性的增强,菌落直径都有减小的趋势。菌株LC-4均可利用供试的单糖、双糖和多糖,其中最适宜碳源为麦芽糖,最适宜氮源为牛肉膏。采用菌丝抑制法进行室内生防菌和化学药剂的筛选,确定该病的有效防治药剂。最适宜的化学药剂为10%苯醚甲环唑,从种子内部和土壤中分离出的40株菌中,经鉴定有防治效果的菌具体有4种,分别为K1、K2、K4、K8。不同播期、株距、品种对藜麦叶斑病都有一定影响,随着播种时期的推后,植株的发病率也在增加。不同的株距可以对病害造成一定影响,当株距在26.7时发病率较小;没有发现高抗和免疫品种。
[Abstract]:Chenopodium quinoa willd), an annual dicotyledonous plant, is an annual food and forage crop with high medical and health value. In this study, the main diseases of quinoa in Inner Mongolia region were surveyed, and it was found that the leaf spot of quinoa was common, and the damage was serious, which affected the growth and development of quinoa and caused a great economic loss to the production of quinoa. The occurrence and control of Chenopodium leaf spot were discussed in this paper. The following conclusions were drawn: three pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the typical symptoms of Chenopodium in Liangcheng of Inner Mongolia. All of them were (Alternaria), of Alternaria but belonged to different species after morphological observation and molecular identification. The biological characteristics of strain LC-4 with strong pathogenicity were determined. The strain could grow at 10 鈩，

本文编号：2073860