吉林省西部玉米膜下滴灌结合暗管系统水盐运移试验研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 21:43

本文选题：膜下滴灌 + 暗管系统　；参考：《长春工程学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：吉林省西部地区是世界上三大苏打盐碱地分布区之一,也是我国玉米粮食主产区。由于干旱缺水,土壤盐碱化等问题严重制约了粮食作物的增产。目前农业灌溉用水主要是引松花江和地下水,采用漫灌方式,导致水资源的严重浪费。本文依托于吉林省科技厅项目“吉林西部玉米膜下滴灌-排水-湿地复合系统脱盐降污增产新技术”,于2015年5月至2016年10月在吉林省松原市前郭县前诸尔钦村开展了大田试验研究。通过对田间试验数据分析主要得出以下结论：(1)苗期到拔节前期,膜下滴灌结合暗管系统处理土壤含水率比普通处理高2.34%,拔节前期到灌浆前期土壤含水率高5.65%,灌浆前期到乳熟期土壤含水率高7.94%,膜下滴灌结合暗管系统土壤含水率相对较高,能够为作物生长提供充足的水分。(2)膜下滴灌结合暗管系统处理各层土壤含盐量升降趋势一致,0-60cm土层为脱盐区。膜下滴灌处理表层土壤脱盐的同时会导致深层土壤发生积盐现象。普通种植处理土壤在玉米生育前期表现为脱盐,而在玉米生育后期表现为积盐。(3)暗管系统影响了排出水的水质,与灌溉水相比较,暗管排出水的PH值和含盐量均增加,暗管出水的含盐量比灌溉水增加了40.1%,由此可见,暗管出水带走了土壤中的部分盐分,暗管系统对于该地区盐碱地的脱盐作用显著。(4)对比各处理产量因子,膜下滴灌结合暗管系统百粒重为36.19g,比膜下滴灌系统处理重4.3%,比普通种植处理重5.6%,膜下滴灌结合暗管系统提高了玉米的品质。对比各处理产量,膜下滴灌结合暗管系统处理相比于膜下滴灌处理产量增加了13.7%,相比于普通种植处理产量增加了19.5%。(5)利用HYDRUS-1D软件对膜下滴灌结合暗管系统处理土壤水分进行动态模拟,经验证,模型能够很好的模拟试验区土壤水分动态变化特征,对20cm土层的土壤水分模拟精度最高,HYDRUS-1D可以用于模拟和预测试验区土壤水分的动态变化规律。
[Abstract]:The western region of Jilin Province is one of the three largest saline-alkali land distribution areas in the world, and it is also the main corn grain producing area in China. Due to drought and water shortage, soil salinization and other problems have seriously restricted the yield of grain crops. At present, irrigation water is mainly used to divert Songhua River and groundwater, which results in serious waste of water resources. This paper is based on the project of Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department, "New technology of desalting, reducing pollution and increasing production of maize under film drip irrigation, drainage and wetland composite system", Field experiments were carried out in Qianzhuogan Village, Qianguo County, Songyuan City, Jilin Province from May 2015 to October 2016. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) from seedling stage to early jointing stage, The soil moisture content of drip irrigation combined with submerged tube system was 2.34% higher than that of common treatment, 5.65% higher than that of common treatment, 7.94% higher from early filling stage to early stage of milking, and higher than that of submembrane drip irrigation combined with dark pipe system. It can provide enough water for crop growth. (2) soil salt content rising and falling trend is the same as 0-60cm soil layer. (2) under film drip irrigation combined with dark pipe system treatment each layer of soil salt content rise and fall trend is the desalination area. The desalination of surface soil by drip irrigation under film will lead to the accumulation of salt in deep soil at the same time. The soil treated by ordinary planting showed desalination in the early stage of maize growth and salt accumulation in the later stage of maize growth. (3) the water quality of the discharged water was affected by the dark tube system. Compared with the irrigation water, the PH value and the salt content of the water discharged from the dark tube increased. The salt content of the effluent is 40.1 higher than that of the irrigation water. It can be seen that the effluent from the dark pipe takes away some of the salt in the soil, and the dark pipe system has a significant effect on the desalination of saline-alkali land in this area. (4) the yield factors of each treatment are compared. The 100-grain weight of the system was 36.19g, 4.3g than that of the drip irrigation system, and 5.6g more than that of the common planting system. The quality of maize was improved by the system of drip irrigation under the film combined with the dark tube system. Comparing the yield of each treatment, Compared with under film drip irrigation and submerged tube system, the yield of drip irrigation under film increased by 13.7and 19.5b than that of conventional planting. (5) dynamic simulation of soil moisture treatment by HYDRUS-1D software was carried out, and it was verified that the soil moisture was treated by HYDRUS-1D software. The model can well simulate the dynamic characteristics of soil moisture in the experimental area, and the simulation accuracy of soil moisture in 20cm soil layer is the highest. HYDRUS-1D can be used to simulate and predict the dynamic change of soil moisture in the experimental area.
【学位授予单位】：长春工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513;S275.6

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