长牡蛎高糖原含量新品系能量代谢及养殖模式研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 10:03

本文选题：长牡蛎 + 高糖原含量新品系　；参考：《上海海洋大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas),俗称太平洋牡蛎(Pacific oyster),是一种广温、广盐性双壳贝类。在我国主要分布在东部沿海地区潮间带的礁石上,营固着生活。长牡蛎是我国水产养殖产业重要的养殖物种,随着工厂化育苗技术的推广,长牡蛎的产量得到迅速的提高,仅我国2015年的产量就高达457.3万吨,为我国水产养殖业的健康发展和中国经济的增长以及人民生活水平的提高做出了重要贡献。糖原含量作为长牡蛎肉质性状重要的评判标准,其含量的高低直接影响到了其口感和品质。而目前对于长牡蛎糖原含量性状的研究比较少,育种的理论基础比较薄弱。本文开展了对于长牡蛎糖原含量性状的相关研究,旨在为长牡蛎高糖原含量新品种的成功选育提供理论和实践支持,主要研究结果如下所示:1.长牡蛎高糖原含量新品系幼虫培育密度和成体养殖密度的研究长牡蛎高糖原含量新品系的获得是以经过两代家系选育后得到的长牡蛎高糖原含量个体为亲本,采用部分因子交配设计,构建全同胞家系。为了探究长牡蛎高糖原含量新品系养殖密度对其生长和存活的影响,本文开展了对不同密度下长牡蛎幼虫和成体的生长性状和存活率的研究。研究结果表明:(1)在幼虫培育密度为1-2个/ml,3-4个/ml,6-8个/ml三组中,三组之间在壳高的增长上存在差异,但差异不显著(P0.05),因此在幼虫培育过程中没有必要追求过低的密度,6-8个/ml即可。(2)在海上经过一段时间的养成后,生长表型方面低密度组(10个/层)和中密度组(20个/层)差异不大,但高密度组(40个/层)的表型性状各参数均小于前两组,且差异显著(P0.05)。存活率方面随着密度的增大,死亡率明显升高。在长牡蛎成体养殖过程中,合理降低养殖密度对于提高长牡蛎的生长速度和存活率具有明显的作用。2.长牡蛎高糖原含量新品系不同养殖方式对其生长性状的影响为了探究长牡蛎高糖原含量新品系不同养殖方式对其生长性状的影响,本文设置了吊笼养殖和夹绳养殖的对比实验、壳体打磨处理和正常养殖组的对比实验。实验结果如下:(1)夹绳养殖方式的长牡蛎在各个生长性状上都要明显优于吊笼养殖组(P0.05)。(2)打磨壳体处理组在生长性状上与对照组差异不显著(P0.05),长牡蛎的壳体受到磨损后能短时间内得到再生。3.长牡蛎高糖原含量新品系正反交家系的生理代谢研究为了探究长牡蛎具有显著差异性糖原含量的自交家系和正反交家系在生理代谢水平上的差异,本文开展了在一定温度(20°C)和盐度(32)下自交组和正反交组的滤水率、耗氧率和排氨率的测定实验。实验结果表明:(1)滤水率方面,自交组AA最大,BB最小,二者差异显著(P0.05);正交组AB和反交组BA两者差异不显著且大小介于两个自交组之间,正反交组的杂种优势值为8.44%;(2)耗氧率方面,自交组BB最大,正交组AB最小;自交组AA与BB差异显著(P0.05),正反交组杂种优势值为-43.87%;耗氧率与糖原含量呈负相关,相关系数为-0.884,达到极显著性水平(P0.01);(3)排氨率方面,各组之间的排氨率无显著差异,大小为0.04 mg NH3-N/(g·h)左右。综上结果表明,高糖原含量品系正反交家系的差异在生理代谢上主要表现为滤水率和耗氧率的差异。4.温度、盐度对于长牡蛎高糖原含量新品系生理代谢的影响为了探究温度、盐度对于长牡蛎高糖原含量品系生理代谢的影响,本文开展了对高糖原含量品系H和低糖原含量品系L在不同温度(16°C、20°C、24°C、28°C、30°C、32°C),盐度(15、20、25、30、35)梯度下滤水率、耗氧率、排氨率以及糖原含量测定的实验。实验结果表明:(1)长牡蛎高糖原含量品系H和低糖原含量品系L的滤水率随着温度的升高不断增大,在28°C时滤水率达到最大值,当温度超过28°C后滤水率减小。品系H的耗氧率随着温度的不断升高而不断增大,在32°C时达到最大值;品系L的耗氧率随着温度的升高不断增大,在28°C时达到最大值,超过28°C后呈下降趋势。两个品系的排氨率都是随着温度的升高而增大,在28°C达到最大值。两个品系在温度升高的过程中糖原含量都呈下降趋势,其中品系H的下降速度要明显大于品系L。(2)随着盐度的不断升高长牡蛎品系H和品系L的滤水率不断增大,当盐度达到30时,滤水率达到最大值,当盐度超过30后滤水率呈下降趋势。耗氧率和排氨率呈现出与滤水率相同的趋势。在糖原含量变化上,品系H的糖原含量在盐度15-25的范围内保持稳定,盐度25之后开始明显下降;品系L的糖原含量在整个盐度梯度设定范围内的变化不大,但糖原含量水平总体上低于品系H。
[Abstract]:The long oyster (Crassostrea gigas), commonly known as the Pacific Oyster (Pacific oyster), is a kind of wide temperature, widely salt bivalve shellfish. It is mainly distributed on the reefs of the intertidal zone of the eastern coastal areas in our country. The oyster is an important breed of aquaculture industry in China. With the popularization of the industrialized breeding technology, the yield of long oysters is produced. The production of China in 2015 is up to 4 million 573 thousand tons, which has made an important contribution to the healthy development of the aquaculture industry in China, the growth of China's economy and the improvement of the people's living standard. As an important criterion for the meat quality of the long oyster, the content of the glycogen directly affects its taste and product. At present, there are few studies on the content characters of long Oyster Glycogen, and the theoretical basis of breeding is relatively weak. The relevant research on the content of long Oyster Glycogen is carried out in this paper, in order to provide theoretical and practical support for the successful selection of new varieties of high sugar raw oysters. The main results are as follows: 1. long oyster high glycogen. Study on the cultivation density and adult breeding density of the larvae of the new strain of the new strain of the oyster, the new strain of the high sugar original of oyster was obtained by two generations of families, and the whole sibling family was constructed by partial factor mating design. The effects of the growth and survival on the growth and survival of oysters were studied in this paper. The results showed that: (1) there was a difference between the three groups in the growth of the shell height between the 1-2 /ml, 3-4 /ml and 6-8 /ml three groups, but the difference was not significant, so the larvae were in the larva. There is no need to pursue a low density in the process of cultivation, 6-8 /ml can. (2) after a period of development at sea, the growth phenotype low density group (10 / layer) and the medium density group (20 / layer) are not different, but the high density group (40 / layer) of the phenotypic traits are less than the first two groups, and the difference is significant (P0.05). The growth rate and survival rate of long oyster had obvious effect on increasing the growth rate and survival rate of long oyster in the process of adult oyster culture. The effect of different culture methods on the growth characters of.2. long oyster was the new strain of the long oyster, in order to explore the high sugar content of the long oyster. In this paper, we set up the comparison experiment of cage culture and rope culture, the comparison experiment of the shell grinding and the normal culture. The results are as follows: (1) the long oysters in the way of rope culture are better than the cage culture group (P0.05) in each growth character. (2) the grinding shell treatment group is used. The difference between the growth traits and the control group was not significant (P0.05). The physiological metabolism of the new strain of the new strain of the regenerated.3. oyster was obtained in a short time after the wear and tear of the long oyster. In order to explore the difference of the physiological metabolism level between the self inbred line and the positive and negative crosses of the long oyster with significant difference in glycogen content The water filtration rate, oxygen consumption rate and ammonia discharge rate of the self crossing and positive and negative groups were tested at a certain temperature (20 C) and salinity (32). The experimental results showed that: (1) the AA was the largest, the BB was the smallest, and the two had a significant difference (P0.05), and the difference between the AB and the reverse group BA was not significant and the size was between the two self crossing groups. The Heterosis value of the positive and negative group was 8.44%, and (2) the oxygen consumption rate was the largest in the self crossing group BB and the AB in the orthogonal group; the difference of AA and BB in the self crossing group was significant (P0.05), the Heterosis value of the positive and negative cross group was -43.87%; the oxygen consumption rate was negatively correlated with the glycogen content, the correlation coefficient was -0.884, and reached the extremely significant level (P0.01); (3) the rate of ammonia excretion was between each group. There was no significant difference in ammonia removal rate, the size of which was about 0.04 mg NH3-N/ (G. H). The results showed that the difference between the positive and negative lines of the high sugar original line was the difference in the physiological metabolism of the differential.4. temperature of the water filtration rate and the oxygen consumption rate, and the effect of salinity on the physiological metabolism of the new strain of the high sugar content of oysters was to explore the temperature and salinity. The effect of the high sugar content of long oyster is on the physiological metabolism. In this paper, experiments were carried out to test the water filtration rate, oxygen consumption rate, oxygen consumption rate, ammonia discharge rate and glycogen content of high glucose content strain H and low glycogen content strain L at different temperatures (16 C, 20 degree C, 24 degree C, 28 C, 30 degree C, 32 degree C), and salinity (15,20,25,30,35) gradient. The experimental results showed: (1) high oyster was high The water filtration rate of the glycogen content line H and the low glycogen content of L increases with the temperature increasing. The water filtration rate reaches the maximum at 28 degree C. When the temperature exceeds 28 C, the water filtration rate decreases. The oxygen consumption rate of the product line H increases with the temperature increasing, and reaches the maximum value at 32 degree C; the oxygen consumption rate of the product line L increases with the increase of temperature. When the break increased, the maximum value was reached at 28 C, and the decrease trend after 28 degree C. The ammonia discharge rate of the two strains increased with the increase of temperature and reached the maximum at 28 C. The two strains in the process of temperature rise showed a decline trend, and the descent speed of the line H was significantly greater than that of the strain L. (2) with the constant salinity. The water filtration rate of H and line L increased continuously. When the salinity reached 30, the water filtration rate reached the maximum. When the salinity exceeded 30, the water filtration rate showed a downward trend. The oxygen consumption rate and the ammonia discharge rate showed the same trend as the filtration rate. In the change of glycogen content, the content of H glycogen was stable in the range of salinity 15-25, and the salinity was 2. After 5, the glycogen content of strain L changed little in the whole salinity range, but glycogen content was lower than that of strain H..
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S917.4

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