施N期对甘薯不同品种产量、营养吸收及品质形成的影响

发布时间：2018-06-29 15:48

本文选题：甘薯 + 品种　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为提高薯/玉套作模式作物的产量和效益,探讨施N期对套作甘薯产量、营养吸收及品质形成的影响,筛选出最适合甘薯产量及品质形成的施氮时期。本试验采用裂区试验设计,以三种不同类型甘薯品种万薯10号(红肉)、渝紫7号(紫肉)、渝薯33(淡黄肉)为材料,在磷(P2O5)45 kg/hm2、钾(K2O)180 kg/hm2肥作为底肥施用量不变的情况下,分期施用(全作为底肥;底肥+套作中期追肥,比例为6:4;底肥+套作中期追肥+套作末期追肥,比例为4:3:3)氮肥(纯N)90kg/hm2,施肥时间为底施时间和移栽后31d、61d,研究了净、套作模式下施N期对甘薯农艺性状、光合生理特性、产量、植株N、P、K吸收及品质性状的影响。结果表明:1、施N期不同对套作甘薯最长蔓长前期生长产生的影响高于净作,随着施N期的延后逐渐降低,施N期延后对甘薯最长蔓长的发育起到了促进作用。一次性底施氮肥促进甘薯前期茎粗增粗,而追施氮肥对甘薯前期茎粗增长的促进作用较差。一次性底施氮肥对净作甘薯基部分枝数前期生长产生的影响高于套作,净作模式下甘薯更利于发分枝,不同施N期促进甘薯的基部分枝数的增加。在玉米收获后甘薯节间生长不受到追施氮肥的影响,而净作下的甘薯节间数高于套作。追施氮肥降低了甘薯叶面积系数,分一期和两期差异性不明显,而甘薯生长后期套作甘薯叶面积系数降低速度低于净作。甘薯移栽前90d,净作有利于甘薯叶面积系数的增加,栽后120d,套作甘薯叶面积系数降低速度低于净作,套作更有利于甘薯生长后期叶面积系数的增加。甘薯移栽前90d,净作有利于甘薯地上部分干物质积累,栽后120d,套作更有利于甘薯地上部分干物质积累;品种万薯10号地上部分干物质积累较渝紫7号、渝薯33多;分期施用氮肥对套作甘薯地上部分干物质积累没有影响,显著提高净作甘薯地上部分干物质积累量。2、套作模式下分期追施氮肥能提高甘薯叶片净光合速率,而分一期和两期追施对甘薯净光合速率的影响不大,净作条件下不同施N期对提高甘薯净光合速率没有作用。施N期不同不引起甘薯胞间CO2浓度(Ci)的变化。套作模式下甘薯的气孔导度(Gs)低于净作,同种种植模式下甘薯的气孔导度没有显著性差异,不受种植模式影响。套作甘薯的蒸腾速率(Tr)低于净作,不同施N期对甘薯蒸腾速率的影响不明显。净作更有利于甘薯叶片PS(Ⅱ)最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)积累,分两期追施氮肥更有利于甘薯叶片PS(Ⅱ)最大光化学量子产量积累,分一次追施和一次性底施氮肥的差异不显著。套作更有利于甘薯相对电子传递速率(ETR)的增加,套作模式下甘薯的相对电子传递速率变化不明显,而净作模式下分期追施氮肥可以提高相对电子传递速率。套作更有利于甘薯光化学猝灭系数(qP)的增加;套作和净作模式下,一次性底施氮肥比分期追施氮肥甘薯的光化学猝灭系数高,而分一期和两期追施之间的差异性不明显。净作更有利于甘薯非光化学猝灭系数(qN)的增加,不同施N期对甘薯非光化学猝灭系数的影响不显著。3、分期追施氮肥对甘薯产量有促进增产的作用,分一次追施和两次追施都能促进增产,净作套作表现一致。2015年套作模式下相比一次性底施氮肥,分一期追施增产30.4%、分两期追施增产25.8%;净作模式下相比一次性底施氮肥,分一期追施增产26.9%,分两期追施增产8.8%;2016年套作模式下相比一次性底施氮肥,分一期追施增产22.8%、分两期追施增产19.4%;净作模式下相比一次性底施氮肥,分一期追施增产10.3%,分两期追施增产10.9%。分一期和分两期施氮下甘薯产量显著高于一次性底施氮肥,但两者之间差异性不显著。考虑处理方式操作难易,实施方便性,以分一期追施更佳,本实验在栽后30d追施最好。4、分两期追施氮肥促进甘薯植株含N量的增加,分一期追施和一次性底施氮肥对甘薯植株含N量影响不显著。分两期追施氮肥提高甘薯植株P含量,一次性底施氮肥和分一期追施氮肥对植株P含量促进作用不明显。追施两次氮肥对植株K含量起到了促进效果,较一次性底施氮肥和追施一次的效果更好。净作模式下更利于甘薯植株N、K积累。5、套作种植更有利于甘薯花青素含量的提高,分两期追施氮肥更有利于甘薯花青素的形成。不同施N期和种植模式对甘薯β胡萝卜素形成没有影响。套作模式下甘薯淀粉含量低于净作,但套作和净作差异性不显著,若以淀粉为收获指标的生产可以选择一次性底施氮肥或者分一期追施氮肥。套作模式下甘薯纤维素含量比净作模式下高,品种自身差差异大造成纤维素含量不稳定,以甘薯纤维素含量低作为评价指标,则应选用净作的栽培模式,以一次性底施氮肥最佳。一次性底施氮肥的甘薯蛋白质含量套作高于净作;甘薯万薯10号、渝紫7号的蛋白质含量与两种栽培模式无关,渝薯33在净作模式下蛋白质含量显著高于套作,相比之下,净作更有利于甘薯蛋白质含量的积累;若以蛋白质为目标的甘薯生产可以选用净作模式下一次性底施氮肥的生产模式。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the yield and benefit of sweet potato / Jade intercropping pattern crops, the effect of N period on yield, nutrient absorption and quality formation of sweet potato was investigated. The best suitable time for nitrogen application was selected. This experiment was designed with split plot test, with three different types of sweet potato varieties, Wan Shu 10 (red meat), Yu purple 7 (purple meat), Yu Yushu 3. 3 (light yellow meat) was used as material. Under the condition of phosphorus (P2O5) 45 kg/hm2 and potassium (K2O) 180 kg/hm2 fertilizer as the base manure, it was applied by stages (all as bottom fertilizer; the ratio of bottom manure + intercropping was 6:4; the ratio of bottom fertilizer + intercropping was 4:3:3), the ratio was 4:3:3) n (pure N) 90kg/hm2, the time of fertilizer application and 31d, 61 after transplanting. D, the effects of N stage on the agronomic traits, photosynthetic physiological characteristics, yield, N, P, K absorption and quality traits of sweet potato were studied under the net and intercropping pattern. The results showed that: 1, the effect of different N stages on the growth of the longest tendril growth of sweet potato was higher than that of the net planting. With the delay of the N period, the longest growth of sweet potato was delayed. The one-time bottom application of nitrogen fertilizer promoted the coarse growth of the early stem of sweet potato, and the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the early stem growth of sweet potato was poor. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the early growth of the number of some branches of the sweet potato base was higher than that of the intercropping, and the sweet potato was more beneficial to the branch, and the different N period promoted the sweet potato. The number of basal branches increased. After maize harvest, the growth of sweet potato internode was not affected by nitrogen fertilization, and the number of internodes of sweet potato under net fertilization was higher than that of the intercropping. The difference of leaf area coefficient of sweet potato leaves was reduced, and the difference between the first and two stages was not obvious. Before transplanting 90d, net planting is beneficial to the increase of leaf area coefficient of sweet potato. After planting 120d, the leaf area coefficient of sweet potato leaves is lower than net work, and the intercropping is more beneficial to the increase of leaf area coefficient in later period of sweet potato growth. The net cropping is beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter in sweet potato before transplanting 90d, and then 120d after planting, the intercropping is more beneficial to the upper part of sweet potato. Dry matter accumulation; the accumulation of dry matter in the top part of the variety Wan tuber 10 is more than Yu purple 7, Yu tuber more than 33. The application of nitrogen fertilizer in stages has no effect on the accumulation of dry matter in the ground part of the sweet potato, and significantly increases the dry matter accumulation of.2 on the ground of the sweet potato, and the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves of sweet potato can be improved by applying nitrogen fertilizer at the stage of intercropping. The net photosynthetic rate of sweet potato had little effect on the net photosynthetic rate of sweet potato. Under the net planting condition, different N periods had no effect on improving the net photosynthetic rate of sweet potato. The difference of CO2 concentration (Ci) was not caused by N period. The stomatal conductance (Gs) of sweet potato was lower than that of net cropping, and the stomatal conductance of sweet potato under the same planting pattern was not significantly different. The transpiration rate (Tr) of sweet potato was lower than that of the net planting, and the effect of different N periods on the transpiration rate of sweet potato was not obvious. The net cropping was more beneficial to the PS (II) PS (II) chemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) accumulation of sweet potato leaves, and the two phases of applying nitrogen fertilizer were more beneficial to the maximum photochemical quantum yield accumulation of PS (II) in sweet potato leaves. There was no significant difference between the application and the one-time application of nitrogen fertilizer. The intercropping was more beneficial to the increase of the relative electron transfer rate (ETR) of sweet potato. The relative electron transfer rate of sweet potato was not obvious under the pattern of intercropping, and the relative electron transfer rate could be improved by applying nitrogen fertilizer in the net cropping mode. The intercropping was more beneficial to the photochemical quenching coefficient of sweet potato (qP). Under the pattern of intercropping and net work, the photochemical quenching coefficient of nitrogenous fertilizer was higher than that of staging nitrogen fertilizer, but the difference between the first and the two stages was not obvious. The net cropping was more beneficial to the increase of non photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) of sweet potato, and the effect of different N stages on the non photochemical quenching coefficient of sweet potato was not significant.3, staging. The application of nitrogen fertilizer to the yield of sweet potato could promote the yield increase, which could promote the increase of yield of sweet potato, and the net cropping and two application could increase the yield. In 2016, the yield increased by 8.8%. Compared with the one-off application of nitrogen fertilizer in 2016, the yield increased by 22.8%, and the yield increased by 19.4%. Under the net cropping pattern, the nitrogen fertilizer was compared with the one-time application of nitrogen fertilizer, and the yield increased by 10.3%. The yield of 10.9%. in the first and two stages of nitrogen application was significantly higher than that of the single application. Nitrogen fertilizer, but the difference between the two is not significant. It is difficult to operate and facilitate the implementation of nitrogen fertilizer. The best.4 is chased by 30d after planting. The effect of applying nitrogen fertilizer in two stages to increase the content of N in sweet potato plants is increased. The effect of one stage dressing and one-time application of nitrogen fertilizer on the N content of sweet potato plants is not significant. Nitrogen fertilizer can improve the P content of sweet potato plants. The effect of applying nitrogen fertilizer at one time and applying nitrogen fertilizer to the P content of plant is not obvious. The effect of two nitrogen fertilizer on plant K content can be promoted, and the effect is better than the application of nitrogen fertilizer at the bottom of the plant and the first application. The net cropping pattern is more beneficial to the N of sweet potato plants, K accumulation of.5, and the planting is more beneficial to the plant. The increase of anthocyanin content in sweet potato was more favorable to the formation of anthocyanin in sweet potato. Different N period and planting pattern had no effect on the formation of beta carotene in sweet potato. The starch content of sweet potato was lower than that of net, but the difference of intercropping and net cropping was not significant, and the production of the starch as the harvest index could choose one time. Under the model, the cellulose content of sweet potato is higher than that under the net cropping pattern, the difference of the variety of the varieties is not stable and the cellulose content of sweet potato is low as the evaluation index, then the net planting pattern should be selected to apply the best nitrogen fertilizer at one time. The content of white matter content was higher than that of the net work; the protein content of sweet potato Wan tuber No. 10 and Yu purple 7 was not related to the two cultivation modes. The protein content of Yu tuber 33 was significantly higher than that of the intercropping under the net cropping pattern. In comparison, the net cropping was more beneficial to the accumulation of protein content of sweet potato. The production model of nitrogen fertilizer.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S531

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