环境成本约束下驻马店市化肥最佳投入量研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 08:55

本文选题：最佳投入量 + 化肥　；参考：《河南工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国的经济发展进程很快,可是随着经济的飞速发展,环境破坏、资源短缺的问题也日益严重,统筹兼顾经济发展和环境保护已经成为当前的重要使命。农业的各种生产条件都要利用到资源环境,一方面,农业的发展取决于土壤气候等条件,并且受环境条件影响很大;另一方面在农业生产过程中产生的污染又会对环境和生态资源造成很大的影响。化肥的投入虽然对粮食产量增加有极为重要的作用,但同时也会给生态环境带来严重污染,因此,化肥的投入是一把双刃剑,研究环境成本约束下化肥的最佳投入量很有意义。本文综合运用农业经济学、农业生态学、环境经济学、生态经济学等多学科进行研究,采用文献分析法收集文献、专著对理论进行归纳总结,并采用调查研究法从驻马店市环保局、驻马店市农业局收集数据,对污染物剂量进行核算,通过实证分析法分析驻马店市化肥投入和粮食产出的关系,为下文的计算分析打下基础。文章首先对农用化肥、环境成本、能值和过量的定义进行界定,并分析了外部性理论、能值分析理论、环境价值理论、边际成本理论在本文的应用。接着对驻马店市化肥施用的现状从投入总量、施用强度、施用结构进行描述,并且通过具体数据对化肥投入和粮食产量的关系进行实证分析。然后引入外部环境成本,描述化肥投入造成农业环境污染,以及农业环境成本的各种评估方法:包括直接市场法、替代市场法、支付意愿法和能值分析法,并且确定选取能值分析法通过筛选外部影响、定量物理影响、进行货币化、加总外部环境损失四步对驻马店市化肥施用过程中外部环境成本进行测算,得出估算结果。最后运用边际成本理论、边际报酬递减规律,分别对驻马店市粮食产量最大化时、经济效益最大时、生态效益最佳时的化肥投入量进行计算,得出具体数值进行比较分析,来解决本文提出化肥最佳投入量的问题。通过具体的数据分析,得出驻马店市化肥投入过量、农业生产中应认清外部环境成本、粮食生产中化肥不合理投入影响很大三个主要结论,并在此基础上提出重视农业生产环境成本、发展替代性环保农业投入品、增加农产品附加值等建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's economic development process is very fast, but with the rapid development of the economy, environmental damage, the problem of resource shortage is becoming increasingly serious, the overall consideration of economic development and environmental protection has become an important mission at present. On the one hand, the development of agriculture depends on soil climate and other conditions, and is greatly affected by environmental conditions; On the other hand, pollution in agricultural production will have a great impact on the environment and ecological resources. Although the input of chemical fertilizer plays an extremely important role in the increase of grain yield, it will also bring serious pollution to the ecological environment. Therefore, the input of chemical fertilizer is a double-edged sword, so it is very meaningful to study the optimal amount of chemical fertilizer input under the restriction of environmental cost. In this paper, agricultural economics, agricultural ecology, environmental economics, ecological economics and other subjects are comprehensively used to study, literature analysis method is used to collect documents, monographs sum up the theory. Using investigation and research method, collecting data from Zhumadian Environmental Protection Bureau and Zhumadian Agriculture Bureau, calculating the pollutant dose, and analyzing the relationship between chemical fertilizer input and grain output through empirical analysis. It lays the foundation for the calculation and analysis below. This paper first defines the definition of agricultural fertilizer, environmental cost, energy value and excess, and analyzes the application of externality theory, emergy analysis theory, environmental value theory and marginal cost theory in this paper. Then the present situation of chemical fertilizer application in Zhumadian city is described from the total input amount, application intensity and application structure, and the relationship between fertilizer input and grain yield is analyzed empirically through specific data. Then the external environmental cost is introduced to describe the agricultural environmental pollution caused by chemical fertilizer input, as well as the various assessment methods of agricultural environmental cost: direct market method, alternative market method, willingness to pay method and emergy analysis method. And select emergy analysis method to calculate the external environmental cost of chemical fertilizer application process in Zhumadian city by screening external influence, quantitative physical influence, monetization, adding total external environment loss to calculate the external environmental cost of chemical fertilizer application in Zhumadian city, and get the estimated results. Finally, by using the marginal cost theory and the law of diminishing marginal returns, the paper calculates the amount of chemical fertilizer input when the economic benefit is the greatest and the ecological benefit is the best when the grain output is maximized in Zhumadian City, and obtains the concrete value to carry on the comparative analysis. To solve the problem that the optimal amount of chemical fertilizer input is proposed in this paper. Through specific data analysis, three main conclusions are drawn, such as excessive chemical fertilizer investment in Zhumadian City, recognition of external environmental cost in agricultural production, and great influence of irrational input of chemical fertilizer in grain production. On this basis, some suggestions are put forward, such as paying attention to the environmental cost of agricultural production, developing alternative environmental protection agricultural inputs and increasing the added value of agricultural products.
【学位授予单位】：河南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.11;S143

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