全覆膜平作与沟播谷子抗旱增产机制研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 09:08

本文选题：全覆膜 + 谷子　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为明确全覆膜栽培技术对谷子生理特性及产量的影响,以"张杂谷3号"为试材,于2015-2016连续两年间在地处黄土高原丘陵区的内蒙古清水河县,通过全覆膜平作(QP)、全覆膜垄沟种植(QW)、露地平作(CK)三个处理,研究全覆膜栽培方式对谷子形态生理特性、土壤指标、籽粒产量和品质的影响,进而明确适合该地区旱作谷子的全覆膜栽培方式。研究结果如下:1.全覆膜处理QP、QW能够极显著提高谷子的出苗率,QP、QW处理两年平均较CK分别提高了 9.94%和6.24%。两年的出苗率处理间均表现为:QPQWCK。2.全覆膜处理能够增加苗期和拔节期的株高且差异显著,均以QW处理的株高增幅最大。覆膜处理能够提高叶片SPAD值和光合速率,两年间QP处理较CK 提高 SPAD 值 6.22%-36.74%,QW 处理较 CK 提高 SPAD 值 4.77%-31.12%;两处理较CK分别最高可提高光合速率51.92%和62.02%。不仅如此,全覆膜处理还能够增加谷子的抗旱能力,能够降低叶片中SOD活性、降低叶片中MDA、游离脯氨酸含量,缓解干旱对叶片的伤害,保证了干旱时期谷子的生长发育。3.全覆膜处理能够增加土壤0-40cm 土层土壤含水量,在较为干旱的苗期,全覆膜处理对土壤含水量的增幅效果最高可达56.76%。全覆膜处理QP、QW还能提高10-20cm 土层土壤微生物量C、N含量,两年间较CK可提高土壤微生物C含量7.36%-67.76%;较CK提高微生物量N含量最大可达47.95%。全覆膜处理增加了土壤耕层土壤含水量和微生物量C、N含量,确保了土壤环境有利于谷子生长发育,保证了产量的形成。4.全覆膜处理能够显著提高穗数、穗长、千粒重等产量指标,最高增幅分别可达到16.28%、22.71%和39.55%。两年内全覆膜处理均能够提高籽粒产量,对籽粒产量的提升效果在111.48%-29.96%之间。5.全覆膜处理能够提高籽粒蛋白质含量2.86%-11.19%,提高籽粒脂肪含量2.58%-13.93%,虽然全覆膜处理提高了籽粒脂肪、蛋白质含量,但是籽粒蛋白质和脂肪含量处理间差异并不显著。6.全覆膜处理对谷子出苗率、形态生理指标、土壤指标、产量指标的增减幅度在降雨较少的年份较大,在润雨年份较小。全覆膜处理能够极显著增加水分利用效率,进而增加了经济效益。
[Abstract]:In order to clarify the effect of full film mulching cultivation technology on the physiological characteristics and yield of millet, "Zhangzagu 3" was used as the material for two consecutive years in Qingshuihe County, Inner Mongolia, which is located in the hilly region of the Loess Plateau in 2015-2016. The effects of full film mulching cultivation (QP), full film mulching furrow planting (QW) and open field cultivation (CK) on the morphological and physiological characteristics, soil index, grain yield and quality of millet were studied. Furthermore, the cultivation method of full film mulching suitable for dry cultivation of millet in this area was made clear. The results are as follows: 1. The rate of emergence of millet was increased by 9.94% and 6.24% in two years compared with CK, respectively. The seedling emergence rate of two years of treatment was: QPQWCK.2. The plant height at seedling stage and jointing stage was increased significantly under the treatment of full film mulching, and the increase of plant height was the largest in QW treatment. Compared with CK, QP treatment increased Spad value by 6.22-36.74 and increased Spad value by 4.77-31.12.The highest photosynthetic rate of two treatments was 51.92% and 62.02%, respectively. Moreover, full film mulching could increase the drought resistance of millet, decrease the activity of SOD, decrease the content of MDA and free proline in leaves, alleviate the damage caused by drought, and ensure the growth and development of millet during drought. The total film mulching treatment could increase the soil moisture content of 0-40cm soil layer. In the dry seedling stage, the maximum effect of the film mulching treatment on the increase of soil water content was 56.76. Compared with CK, the soil microbial C content was increased by 7.36 ~ 67.76% in two years, and the maximum microbial biomass N content was 47.95% when compared with CK. The total film mulching increased soil water content and microbial biomass C N content in soil tillage layer, ensured that soil environment was favorable for millet growth and development, and ensured yield formation. The yield indexes such as ear number, ear length and 1000-grain weight could be significantly increased by the treatment of full film mulching. The highest increases were 16.2822.71% and 39.55%, respectively. The total film mulching treatment could increase grain yield in two years, and the effect of raising grain yield was between 111.48 and 29.96%. The whole film mulching treatment could increase the grain protein content 2.86-11.19 and the grain fat content 2.58- 13.933.Although the whole film mulching treatment increased the grain fat and protein content, the difference between the grain protein and fat content treatments was not significant. The increase and decrease of seed emergence rate, morphological and physiological index, soil index and yield index of full film mulching treatment were larger in the year of less rainfall and smaller in the year of moistening the rain. The treatment of full film mulching can significantly increase water use efficiency and increase economic benefit.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S515

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