养殖密度对流水养殖系统中俄罗斯鲟幼鱼生长、血液生理生化以及非特异性免疫的影响

发布时间：2018-07-02 13:14

本文选题：俄罗斯鲟 + 养殖密度　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：为研究流水养殖系统中不同养殖密度对俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedti)幼鱼生长、血液生理生化以及非特异性免疫功能的影响,实验选取初始体重为(29.70±1.32)g的俄罗斯鲟幼鱼分置于2.5kg/m3 (SD1)、3.6kg/m3 (SD2)和4.7kg/m3 (SD3) 3个养殖密度进行流水池塘(4.4×4.4×0.45 m3)养殖,每个密度设3个重复,实验周期为90d。实验结果如下：1、低密度组(SD1)幼鱼增重率(WG)、体长增长率(LG)、特定生长率(SGR)和饵料转化率(FCR)分别为：362.01士15.87、55.88±4.77、1.79±0.03、114.95±4.52,显著高于高密度组(SD3)幼鱼相应指标(272.30±2.74、46.34±6.22、1.53±0.02、94.49±1.96)(P0.05),而SD3组幼鱼生长离散程度和死亡率显著高于SD1组幼鱼(P0.05)；随养殖密度增加,幼鱼蛋白和脂肪含量降低,水分和灰分含量升高,但是不存在显著性差异(P0.05)。研究表明,较高的养殖密度对俄罗斯鲟幼鱼的生长造成了显著的负面影响。2、高养殖密度慢性胁迫对俄罗斯鲟幼鱼的生理生化指标均产生一定的抑制作用,血红蛋白含量与养殖密度呈显著正相关。不同养殖密度中俄罗斯鲟幼鱼的白细胞含量具有显著性差异,SD3组幼鱼血液中白细胞数量较SD1、SD2组大幅增多(P0.05),这表明长期高密度养殖对俄罗斯鲟幼鱼产生一定程度的病理性损伤。各密度组幼鱼血糖含量均呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,最终SD1组幼鱼血糖含量显著低于SD2、SD3组(P0.05)。总胆固醇和总蛋白未发生显著性变化。在实验结束时,SD3组幼鱼血液中甘油三酯含量显著高于SD1、SD2组(P0.05),且SD1和SD2组之间无显著性差异。综合上述结果推断俄罗斯鲟鲟幼鱼能量利用顺序是先血糖之后是血清蛋白,最后利用血脂。在密度达到12.12kg/m3时,皮质醇含量急剧增加,加速幼鱼糖异生作用,耗能增加,俄罗斯鲟幼鱼生长明显受到抑制。3、高养殖密度组幼鱼SOD活性显著低于中低密度组(P0.05),表明较高的养殖密度打破机体抗氧化系统的平衡,抑制机体抗氧化功能的发挥,使机体清除自由基的能力’下降,体内过氧自由基含量升高,对机体造成损伤。同时实验结果显示SD3组幼鱼MDA含量显著高于SD1、SD2组(P0.05),这是脂质过氧化反应增强,脂质过氧化产物增多的表现。实验结果可以看出,过分提高养殖密度,将会导致俄罗斯鲟幼鱼出现拥挤胁迫,使机体的自由基“稳态性动态平衡”遭受破坏,影响机体的正常生理状态。SD3组俄罗斯鲟幼鱼脾脏系数显著低于SD1、SD2组水平(P0.05),血液溶菌酶活性以及C3补体因子含量也显著降低,表明长期的拥挤胁迫致使高密度组俄罗斯鲟幼鱼脾脏严重受损,免疫功能也受到一定程度的抑制,且随养殖密度增加抑制效应愈加严重。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of different culture densities on the growth, blood physiology, biochemistry and non-specific immune function of juvenile Acipenser (Acipenser gueldenstaedti) in flowing water culture system. The juvenile Acipenser Russian Sturgeon with initial body weight of (29.70 卤1.32) g was cultured in flowing water ponds (4.4 脳 4.4 脳 0.45 m3) with 3 densities of 2.5kg/m3 (SD1) 3.6 kg / m3 (SD2) and 4.7kg/m3 (SD3). The experiment period was 90 days. The results of the experiment are as follows: 1. The weight gain rate (WG), growth rate of body length (LG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion rate (FCR) in the low density group (SD1) were: 1: 362.01 + 15.87 卤15.87 卤5.79 卤0.03114.95 卤4.52, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the high density group (SD3) (272.30 卤2.74) 46.34 卤6.221.53 卤0.042 (94.49 卤1.96) (P0.05), while in the SD3 group, the corresponding indexes were significantly higher than those in the high density group (SD3) (272.30 卤2.74 卤6.221.53 卤0.049 卤1.96) (P0.05). The degree and mortality of juvenile fish in SD1 group were significantly higher than those in SD1 group (P0.05). With the increase of culture density, the contents of protein and fat decreased, the content of water and ash increased, but there was no significant difference (P0.05). The results showed that the high culture density had a significant negative effect on the growth of juvenile Acipenser Russian Sturgeon, and the chronic stress of high culture density could inhibit the physiological and biochemical indexes of juvenile Acipenser Russian Sturgeon to some extent. There was a significant positive correlation between hemoglobin content and culture density. There was a significant difference in the white blood cell content of juvenile Acipenser Russian Sturgeon (SD3) compared with SD1 SD2 group (P0.05), which indicated that long-term high density culture had a certain degree of pathological damage to juvenile Acipenser Russian Sturgeon. The blood glucose content of juvenile fish in each density group increased first and then decreased, and the blood glucose content in SD1 group was significantly lower than that in SD2 + SD3 group (P0.05). Total cholesterol and total protein did not change significantly. At the end of the experiment, the content of triglyceride in the blood of young fish in SD3 group was significantly higher than that in SD1 / SD2 group (P0.05), and there was no significant difference between SD1 and SD2 groups. According to the above results, the order of energy utilization of juvenile Acipenser Russian Sturgeon is first blood sugar, then serum protein, and finally blood lipid. When the density reached 12.12kg/m3, the content of cortisol increased sharply, which accelerated the glycosylation of juvenile fish and increased the energy consumption. The growth of juvenile Acipenser Russian Sturgeon was inhibited significantly. The SOD activity of juvenile in high density group was significantly lower than that in medium and low density group (P0.05), which indicated that higher culture density upset the balance of antioxidant system and inhibited the exertion of antioxidant function. The ability of scavenging free radical is decreased, and the content of peroxy free radical is increased. The results showed that the MDA content of young fish in SD3 group was significantly higher than that in SD1 SD2 group (P0.05), which was the result of increased lipid peroxidation and increased lipid peroxidation products. The experimental results show that excessive increase in the density of culture will lead to crowding stress in juvenile Sturgeon and destroy the free radical "steady state dynamic balance" of the body. The spleen coefficient of juvenile Acipenser Russian Sturgeon in SD3 group was significantly lower than that in SD1 SD2 group (P0.05), and the activity of hemolytic enzyme and the content of C3 complement factor were also significantly decreased in SD3 group. The results showed that the spleen of juvenile Acipenser Russian Sturgeon in high density group was seriously damaged and the immune function was inhibited to a certain extent during the long period of crowded stress, and the inhibitory effect was more serious with the increase of culture density.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S965.215

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