导盲犬培训对犬社会性和胆量的影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 18:53

本文选题：导盲犬培训 + 社会性　；参考：《大连医科大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的导盲犬培训成本高,成功率低,目前导盲犬数量还远远不能满足视障人士的需求。如果能在导盲犬培训前期进行有效的筛选,预先甄别出待训犬中不适合成为导盲犬的犬,将能够提高导盲犬培训的成功率,降低培训成本。本研究拟通过气质测试联合心率分析来考察导盲犬培训对犬社会性及胆量的影响,以期探究出能够作为导盲犬培训前期筛选指标的有效变量,为导盲犬培训前期筛选适宜犬提供科学参考。方法本研究选取中国导盲犬大连培训基地的45只犬,其中拉布拉多犬42只(雌性18只,雄性24只),金毛猎犬3只(雌性1只,雄性2只),这些犬在进行导盲犬培训前为8~12月龄,在导盲犬培训结束后为24~32月龄。采用犬的心理评估测试(dog mentality assessment,DMA)对这些犬进行行为学测试,在这些犬进行导盲犬培训前后各进行一次测试。DMA测试含有10个子测试,共含有33个变量。本研究选取能够反映犬社会性的社会接触测试中问候、合作、触摸变量,距离测试中探索、拔河、游戏邀请变量,扮鬼测试中接触变量及能够反映犬胆量的突然出现测试中惊吓、探索、躲避变量,金属响声测试中惊吓、探索、躲避变量,扮鬼测试中探索变量共14个变量。并实时记录测试过程中犬的心率变化。在测试结束后根据评分标准对犬的行为进行评分,进行培训前后行为分数及心率值的对比。结果1.导盲犬培训对犬社会性影响:(1)社会接触测试中问候、合作、触摸变量在培训前后得分比较后差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。进一步分析测试中变量的得分分布情况发现,在社会接触测试中的问候,合作,触摸3个相关变量培训前得分3分的犬最多,分别为19只,32只,26只,培训后犬得分集中于3分的趋势更加明显,培训后3个变量得分3分的犬分别为31只,37只,35只,均有所增加。培训后,大多数的犬在面对陌生人的问候时,与陌生人合作散步时以及与陌生人接触时表现出更加适中的社会性,既不会过分排斥,也不会出现过分依赖和热情的行为。(2)距离测试中探索和游戏邀请变量在培训前后犬只得分比较后差异无统计学意义(p0.05),而拔河变量得分情况在培训前后差异有统计学意义(p=0.014)。分析培训前后得分分布情况发现,拔河变量得分在培训前1分最多(14只)而培训后更集中于4分(14只);探索变量培训前后均集中于3分(培训前:19只,培训后:24只);游戏邀请变量培训前后均集中于1分(培训前:31只,培训后:27只),且3分犬数量有所增多。距离测试中探索、拔河、游戏邀请变量得分1~5分分别对应犬对陌生人不感兴趣、不玩拔河、不邀请陌生人进行玩耍到犬与陌生人热情、积极的玩耍碎布、积极的邀请陌生人玩耍。(3)扮鬼测试中接触变量得分在培训前后差异没有统计学意义(p0.05)。其培训前后得分分布情况显示,培训前更多的犬得2分(19只),而培训后犬得分更集中于4分(17只)。扮鬼测试中接触变量得2分的犬对陌生人主要表现出较警惕的行为,而得分4分的犬主要表现较为自然,会主动靠近陌生人进行嗅闻。2.导盲犬培训对犬胆量影响:(1)突然出现测试中除躲避变量外,惊吓和探索变量在培训前后的得分差异均有统计学意义(p=0.009和p=0.047)。分析导盲犬培训前后犬得分分布情况结果显示,培训前后惊吓变量中犬得分均集中于4分(培训前:15只,培训后:20只);探索变量培训前集中于3分(16只)而培训后更多的犬评分为4分(15只);躲避变量培训前后犬得分均集中于5分(培训前:20只,培训后:21只)。在培训后,更多的犬在面对突然拉起的衣服时会立即接近嗅闻,到周围探索,重复经过衣服时会呈现放松状态。(2)金属响声测试中惊吓、探索及躲避3个变量在培训前后得分差异无统计学意义(p0.05)。进一步分析犬得分在培训前后的分布情况,结果显示,惊吓变量在培训后得分为3分的犬相对减少(培训期:15只,培训后:11只)而得5分的犬相对增多(培训前:7只,培训后:13只);探索变量培训前后得分均集中于4分(培训前:20只,培训后:19只);躲避变量培训前后均集中于5分(培训前:26只,培训后:27只)。金属响声测试中惊吓、探索、躲避变量犬只得分从1~5分分别对应着犬的行为从听见响声后惊吓逃跑,不敢接近声源,与声源保持一定距离到不在意声源,立即接近声源进行探索嗅闻及重复经过声源时身体放松,完全不逃避。(3)扮鬼测试中的探索变量在培训前后犬得分差异具有统计学意义(P=0.014)。得分分布情况显示,培训前犬得分1分或2分的较多(9只和9只),而培训后得分更集中于5分(11只)。培训后,更多的犬会立即主动接近陌生人进行探索,且表现出热情的行为3.导盲犬培训对测试中犬只心率影响:5个测试中犬心率值在培训前后比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论培训前后两次测试对犬的刺激程度相对稳定;社会接触测试中的问候、合作、触摸变量,距离测试中的探索、游戏邀请变量,突然出现测试中的躲避变量,金属响声测试中的惊吓、探索、躲避变量及扮鬼测试中的接触变量可作为导盲犬前期筛选的有效变量;距离测试中的拔河变量,突然出现测试中的惊吓、探索变量及扮鬼测试中的探索变量更适宜作为考察犬培训后期合格性的变量。本研究可为完善导盲犬前期筛选方法提供支持。
[Abstract]:Objective guidance dog training cost is high and the success rate is low. At present, the number of blind dogs is far from meeting the needs of the visually impaired. If the dog can be screened effectively in the early stage of the training of the guide dog, it will be able to improve the success rate and reduce the training cost. In order to explore the effective variables that can be used as the early screening index for guide dog training, the results of the over temperament test and heart rate analysis were used to explore the effective variables that could be used as the early screening index for the training of the blind dogs, and to provide scientific reference for the early screening of suitable dogs for the training of the blind dogs. Methods 45 dogs were selected from the training base of the Chinese guide dog in Dalian. 42 Labrador dogs (18 females, 24 males), 3 golden hounds (1 females and 2 males) were 8~12 months old before the guide dog training and 24~32 months after the guide dog training. The dog's psychological assessment test (dog mentality assessment, DMA) was used to conduct behavioral tests on these dogs and guide blind dogs in these dogs. 10 sub tests were carried out each time before and after the training, and there were 10 subtests, including 33 variables. This study selected greetings, cooperation, touch variables, distance testing, tug of war, game invitations, contact variables in ghosts, and sudden appearance tests that could reflect the courage of the dog in the social contact test that can reflect the social nature of the dog. Frightening, exploring, avoiding variables, scare, exploring, avoiding variables, exploring 14 variables in ghosts test, and recording the heart rate changes in the test process in real time. After the test, the dog's behavior is scored according to the scoring standard. The comparison of the behavior scores and heart rate before and after the training is compared. Results the result of the 1. guide dog. The training on the social effects of the dog: (1) there is no statistical difference between the greeting, cooperation, and touch variables in the social contact test after the training (P0.05). Further analysis of the distribution of the variables in the test, the greetings and the joint work in the social contact test, and the most of the dogs who have scored 3 points before the training of the 3 related variables, respectively. There were 19, 32, 26, and the training dog scored more clearly in the score of 3. The 3 points of the 3 variables were 31, 37 and 35 were all increased. After training, most of the dogs took a walk in the face of strangers, took a walk with strangers, and showed a more moderate sociality when they were in contact with strangers. There was no excessive exclusion and no excessive dependence and enthusiasm. (2) there was no statistically significant difference (P0.05) between the exploration and game inviting variables before and after the training, while the difference between the tug of war score before and after the training was statistically significant (p=0.014). The analysis of the distribution of scores before and after training was found, The tug of War (tug of war) variable scored the most (14) points before training (1 points) and more concentrated in 4 (14) after training; before and after the training, all the variables were concentrated on 3 points (before training: 19, after training: 24); the game inviting variables were concentrated on 1 points before and after training (before training: 31, 27 after training), and the number of dogs in 3 increased. The 1~5 score of the play inviting variables was not interested in the strangers, did not play the tug of war, did not invite strangers to play to the dogs and strangers, and actively invited strangers to play. (3) there was no statistical significance before and after the training of the contact variables in ghosts test (P0.05). The cloth situation showed that more dogs had 2 points (19) before training, while the dog scored more than 4 points (17) after training. The dogs with 2 points in the ghosts test showed more vigilant behavior to strangers, and the 4 points of the dogs were more natural, and they would take the initiative to sniff the.2. guide dog training to the dog's courage. (1) the scores of shock and exploration variables were statistically significant (p=0.009 and p=0.047) before and after the training, except for avoidance variables. The distribution of dogs before and after the training of guide dogs showed that the scores of dogs in the frightened variables before and after training were 4 points before training (15 before training, 20 after training); Before training, 3 points were concentrated (16) and more dogs were scored 4 (15). The dog scores before and after training were 5 points (20 before training, 21 after training). After training, more dogs were immediately close to sniffing when they were suddenly pulled up, to the surrounding exploration and the relaxation state when the clothes were repeated. (2) gold There was no significant difference between the 3 variables before and after the training (P0.05). The distribution of dog scores before and after training was further analyzed. The results showed that the relative decrease of the dogs scored 3 points after training (training period: 15, 11 after training) and a relative increase of 5 points (before training: 7 Only after training: 13. The scores of the training before and after the training were all concentrated on 4 points (before training: 20, after training: 19); before and after training, the training was concentrated on 5 points (before training: 26, after training: 27). Running, do not close to the sound source, keep a certain distance from the sound source to the sound source, immediately close to the sound source to explore the smell and repeat the sound source of the body relaxation, completely do not escape. (3) the exploration variables in the ghosts test before and after training were statistically significant (P=0.014) before and after the training. The distribution of scores showed that the dog scored 1 points before training. There were more than 2 points (9 and 9), and the scores were more concentrated in 5 (11) after training. After training, more dogs were immediately approached to explore strangers, and the effect of enthusiastic behavior 3. guide dog training on heart rate in the test was not statistically significant (P0.05) before and after training in 5 tests. The two tests before and after the training are relatively stable to the dog's irritation; the greetings in the social contact test, the cooperation, the touch variable, the distance test, the game inviting variable, the escape variable in the sudden test, the shock, the exploration, the avoidance and the contact variable in the ghost test can be used as the lead dog prophase The selected effective variables, the tug of war in the distance test, the sudden shock in the test, the exploration variable and the exploration variable in the ghosts test are more suitable as variables to examine the later qualification of the dog training. This study can provide support for the improvement of the early screening method for the guide dog.
【学位授予单位】：大连医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S829.2

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