甘蔗品种的AFLP和SSR标记鉴定及其应用

发布时间：2018-07-12 19:20

本文选题：甘蔗 + 分子标记　；参考：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：品种遗传多样性和指纹图谱是育种、品种权保护和新品种推广等工作的重要基础。在杂交育种工作中,种质资源的遗传距离可以作为亲本选择的依据,亲本间较高的遗传距离可以提高F1代中出现更强杂种优势的可能;品种权保护工作中DNA分子指纹可以作为品种的"身份证",精确地判别品种的真实身份;品种推广也需要鉴定组合推广品种的遗传背景以及新推广品种与已大面积推广品种之间的遗传相似度,作为新品种推广的指导。本研究利用9对AFLP引物和15对SSR引物扫描38个来自国家甘蔗品种区域试验的甘蔗新品种(系)的全基因组,获得这些品种(系)丰富的指纹数据,继而分析鉴定甘蔗种质资源遗传多样性、构建甘蔗品种(系)的DNA分子指纹库,预期能够为甘蔗育种亲本选择提供分子水平的基础数据。本研究得出的结果有如下几点。(1)AFLP标记9对引物组合共扩增出348个位点,多态性位点有248个,多态性比率为72.26%;SSR标记15对引物共扩增出180个位点,多态性位点有176个,多态性比率为97.78%。通过NTSYS 2.10e软件计算,38个甘蔗新品种(系)遗传相似系数分布在0.668-0.847间,由此可见这38个甘蔗新品种(系)遗传背景接近;此外,两种分子标记技术引物的平均PIC值分别为0.971和0.920,说明这两种标记技术具有很高的品种鉴别力,对后续的群体遗传基础判定、群体划分以及主成分分析等相关工作奠定了可靠的基础。(2)本研究创新使用箱线图研究品种遗传相似系数的分布特征,根据分布特征可以判定38个甘蔗品种(系)的遗传基础。结果显示,总体(ALL)38份甘蔗品种(系)和各系列(FN、MT、YZ、YG和GT)甘蔗品种(系)内部的遗传相似性系数分布范围都在0.680～0.830之间,且均向0.725-0.770间集中。FN系列甘蔗品种(系)遗传相似系数集中范围与YZ系列甘蔗品种接近,并且与38个甘蔗品种(系)总体的相似系数集中范围接近;另外,GT系列甘蔗品种(系)相比其他系列甘蔗品种(系),其遗传相似系数集中范围处在较低水平;YG系列甘蔗品种相比其他系列甘蔗品种,其遗传相似系数集中范围处在较高水平。(3)通过UPGMA聚类算法对38个品种(系)进行群体划分。聚类分析显示,在遗传相似系数为0.736处,可将这38个新品种(系)划分成两个群体。其中,福农09-2201和桂糖06-1492作为一个小群体被单独划分出来,说明两个品种(系)在整个群体中具有较高的特异性。另外,在遗传相似系数为0.770处划分出一个包括参照品种ROC22在内的子群体a,该群体中还包括福农07-3206、福农40、海蔗22、桂糖09-12和柳城07-150等品种。ROC22作为当前推广面积最大的甘蔗品种,其高产、高糖、强宿根性等优良特性已得到广大种植户的认可。在品种推广时,除了考虑推广品种与主栽品种ROC22的遗传距离外,也需要考虑它与ROC22在产量和品质性状上的相似性,以此来获得种植户的认可,增加其推广的可能性。鉴于同一子群体中不同品种的遗传相似性较高,这些品种更有可能获得与ROC22类似的优良特性,具有良好的推广潜力。但是,在选择与ROC22同时同地推广的品种时,需要选择与ROC22遗传距离较远的品种,以增加甘蔗群体对不良环境的抗性。另外,还需要结合各品种实际的田间表现。(4)本研究还根据所获得的38个甘蔗品种DNA指纹数据,更新了课题组前期构建的甘蔗DNA指纹数据库。具体地,将本研究获得的38个甘蔗新品种(系)SSR指纹数据录入本实验室建立的甘蔗品种指纹数据库中,并对数据库中数据进行整理,剔除重复录入品种。然后,对数据库所有品种进行聚类研究,绘制出所有品种的指纹图谱。该项工作对促进指纹图谱在甘蔗品种鉴定和杂交育种亲本选配中的应用具有积极意义。
[Abstract]:Genetic diversity and fingerprints of varieties are important bases for breeding, variety rights protection and new variety popularization. In hybrid breeding, genetic distance of germplasm resources can be used as the basis for parent selection. Higher genetic distance among parents can improve the possibility of stronger heterosis in F1 generation; D NA molecular fingerprints can be used as "identity cards" of varieties to accurately identify the true identity of varieties. Variety promotion also needs to identify the genetic background of the combined varieties and the genetic similarity between the new varieties and the extended varieties. This study uses 9 pairs of AFLP primers and 15 pairs of SSR primers. The whole genome of 38 new sugarcane varieties (lines) from national sugarcane varieties was described. The rich fingerprint data of these varieties were obtained. Then, the genetic diversity of sugarcane germplasm resources was analyzed and identified, and the DNA molecular fingerprint Library of Sugarcane Varieties (lines) was constructed. It is expected to provide the basic data for the selection of molecular level for the selection of sugarcane breeding parents. The results obtained in this study were as follows. (1) 348 loci were amplified by AFLP markers 9 pairs of primer combinations, 248 polymorphic loci and 72.26% polymorphic ratios; 180 loci and 176 polymorphic loci were amplified by SSR markers, and the polymorphism ratio was calculated by NTSYS 2.10e software and 38 sugarcane new varieties (lines) remained. The transmission similarity coefficient was distributed in 0.668-0.847, thus the genetic background of the 38 new sugarcane varieties (lines) was close. In addition, the average PIC values of the two molecular markers were 0.971 and 0.920 respectively, indicating that the two markers had a high variety identification, the genetic basis for the subsequent population, the population division and the principal component. Analysis and other related work laid a reliable foundation. (2) the genetic basis of 38 sugarcane varieties (lines) could be determined according to the distribution characteristics. The results showed that the inheritance of 38 sugarcane varieties (lines) and series (FN, MT, YZ, YG and GT) in the sugarcane varieties (lines) was inherited in the whole (ALL). The distribution of similarity coefficients ranged from 0.680 to 0.830, and the concentration range of genetic similarity coefficient of.FN series of sugarcane varieties was close to that of YZ series of sugarcane varieties, and the concentration range of the similarity coefficient of 38 sugarcane varieties (lines) was close to that of 38 sugarcane varieties. In addition, the GT series of Sugarcane Varieties (lines) were compared with the other series of sugarcane. The genetic similarity coefficient concentration range is at a lower level, and the genetic similarity coefficient concentration range of YG series sugarcane varieties is higher than that of other series of sugarcane varieties. (3) 38 varieties (lines) are divided by UPGMA clustering algorithm. The cluster analysis shows that the genetic similarity coefficient is 0.736, and these 38 new types can be used. The varieties (lines) were divided into two groups. Among them, fuon 09-2201 and 06-1492 as a small group were divided separately, indicating that two varieties (lines) had higher specificity in the whole population. In addition, the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.770 was divided into a subpopulation of a, including the variety ROC22, which included fufu. Farmers 07-3206, Fu Nong 40, Hai cane 22, cany 09-12 and Liucheng 07-150 are the most widely popularized sugarcane varieties, and their high yield, high sugar and strong perennial roots have been recognized by the broad growers. In addition, in addition to the genetic distance between the extended varieties and the main cultivar ROC22, it is also necessary to consider it and RO. C22 is similar in yield and quality traits to gain recognition by the growers and increase the possibility of promotion. In view of the higher genetic similarity of the different species in the same group, these varieties are more likely to have good properties similar to ROC22 and have good promotion potential. However, the selection and ROC22 are popularized at the same time. In order to increase the genetic distance of the varieties with ROC22 to increase the resistance of the sugarcane population to the adverse environment. In addition, it is necessary to combine the actual field performance of various varieties. (4) according to the DNA fingerprint data of the 38 sugarcane varieties obtained in this study, the sugarcane DNA fingerprint database, which was constructed in the previous group, is updated. The SSR fingerprint data of 38 new sugarcane varieties (lines) were recorded in the fingerprint database of sugarcane varieties established in our laboratory, and the data in the database were arranged to eliminate the repeated entry. Then, all the varieties of the database were clustered to draw the fingerprints of all the varieties. The application of sugarcane variety identification and cross breeding parent selection is of positive significance.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S566.1

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