湖南红壤地油茶林不同除草方式比较研究
发布时间：2018-07-13 08:47
【摘要】：杂草是南方丘陵红壤地区油茶新造林的一大危害,杂草防除是提高新造林成活率和促进幼树生长的重要措施。油茶林地杂草发生规律的研究以及不同除草方式对油茶林地造成的影响的研究基本为空白。本研究在试验观测油茶幼林杂草发生规律的基础上,设置覆膜除草、割草-埋草、化学除草、空白对照4个处理,研究了不同除草方式对杂草生长、林地土壤理化性质及油茶树体生长发育的影响,旨在探索油茶幼林林地有效的除草方式,为实践生产提供科学的理论指导。主要研究结果如下:(1)在典型南方丘陵红壤地区油茶幼林杂草种类多,滋生快,主要杂草有22科43种,其中禾本科杂草占总杂草数的23%,阔叶杂草占总杂草数的77%;其中一年生杂草有9种,占总杂草数的21%,多年生杂草有34种,占总杂草数的 79%。(2)3种除草方式均能有效抑制杂草的生长,但覆膜除草方式对杂草的抑制效果不显著(P0.05),相比之下,割草-埋草处理及化学除草处理对杂草的抑制效果更为显著。(3)割草-埋草可提高0-20cm 土层土壤pH值5.9%,提高20-40cm 土层土壤pH值5.5%,与覆膜除草、化学除草、空白处理相比,割草-埋草处理对于土壤pH值的增加差异显著(P0.05)。(4)割草-埋草可提高0-20cm 土层土壤含水率2.3%,提高20-40cm 土层土壤含水率2.7%,化学除草可提高0-20cm 土层土壤含水率7.2%,提高20-40cm土层土壤含水率5.8%,覆膜除草则变化不大,而空白对照含水率有明显下降,对于土壤含水率的影响,化学除草割草-埋草覆膜除草空白对照。(5)割草-埋草可降低0-20cm 土层土壤容重15.2%,降低20-40cm 土层土壤容重16.4%,化学除草可降低0-20cm 土层土壤容重15.0%,降低20-40cm 土层土壤容重14.0%,覆膜除草与空白对照土壤的容重均变化不大,对于土壤容重的降低以及土壤孔隙度的改善,割草-埋草化学除草覆膜除草空白对照。(6)割草-埋草土壤有机质含量、速效氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量在0-20cm 土层分别比对照高 12.36%、14.56%、36.46%、10.28%,割草-埋草土壤有机质含量、速效氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量在20-40cm 土层分别比对照高14.2%、12.98%、42.45%、10.40%;化学除草可以维持土壤有机质含量不下降,并且对0-20cm 土层的影响与20-40cm 土层相似。对于土壤肥力的改善,割草-埋草化学除草覆膜除草空白对照。(7)割草-埋草处理促进了油茶幼树树体的生长发育,其中春季树高增长量、夏季冠幅增长量、春季地径生长量、夏季地径增长量、春梢粗度、夏梢粗度割草-埋草处理优势最明显,分别高出对照100%、118.18%、48.02%、63.70%、25.15%、19.93%;化学除草处理也能略微促进油茶幼树树体的生长发育,但不显著(P0.05),而覆膜除草及空白对照则对油茶幼树树体的生长发育无促进作用,因此对于油茶树体的生长发育的影响,割草-埋草化学除草覆膜除草空白对照。
[Abstract]:Weed control is a great harm to the new afforestation of Camellia oleifera in the southern hilly red soil area. Weed control is an important measure to improve the survival rate of new afforestation and promote the growth of young trees. The study on the occurrence regularity of weeds and the influence of different weeding methods on the oil tea plantation is basically blank. On the basis of observing the occurrence regularity of weeds in young Camellia oleifera forest, four treatments including mulch mulching, mowing-burying grass, chemical weeding and blank control were used to study the growth of weeds in different herbicides. The effects of soil physical and chemical properties and the growth and development of Camellia oleifera on the growth and development of Camellia oleifera were studied in order to explore the effective weeding methods and provide scientific theoretical guidance for the practical production of Camellia oleifera. The main results are as follows: (1) in the typical southern hilly red soil region, there are many species of weeds in young Camellia oleifera forest, and there are 43 species of main weeds belonging to 22 families. Among them, grasses account for 23% of the total weeds, broadleaf weeds account for 77% of the total weeds, among them, there are 9 species of annual weeds, accounting for 21% of the total number of weeds, 34 species of perennial weeds, accounting for 79% of the total number of weeds. (2) the growth of weeds can be effectively inhibited by three kinds of herbicides. However, the effect of film mulching and weeding on weeds was not significant (P0.05). (3) the soil pH value of 0-20cm soil layer was increased by 5.9m, and the soil pH value of 20-40cm soil layer was increased by 5.5g, compared with mulching, chemical weeding and blank treatment, compared with mulching, chemical weeding, and blank treatment, the effect of mowing, burying grass and chemical herbicide on weeds was more obvious. (3) the soil pH value of 0-20cm soil layer was increased by 5.9. There were significant differences in soil pH between mowing and burying grass treatment (P0.05). (4). Mowing and burying grass could increase soil moisture content of 0-20cm soil layer by 2.3 and 20-40cm soil moisture content by 2.7 percent. Chemical weeding treatment could increase soil moisture content of 0-20cm soil layer by 7.2 and 20-40cm soil layer. Soil moisture content was 5.8%, but mulching and weeding had little change. However, the water content of the blank control decreased obviously, which affected the soil moisture content. (5) the soil bulk density of 0-20cm soil layer was decreased by mowing and burying grass, and the soil bulk density of 20-40cm soil layer was decreased by 16.4%. Chemical weeding could reduce the soil bulk density of 0-20cm soil layer by 15.0%, decrease the soil bulk density of 20-40cm soil layer by 14.0%, and reduce the soil bulk density of 20-40cm soil layer. The bulk density of soil treated with film weeding and blank control did not change much. For the reduction of soil bulk density and the improvement of soil porosity, the soil organic matter content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, and chemical herbicidal mulching control were compared. The content of available potassium in 0-20cm soil layer was 12.36% higher than that in control soil layer, respectively. The soil organic matter content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content in the soil layer of grass mowing and burying grass were 14.212.98 and 42.450.400.The content of organic matter was not decreased by chemical weeding. The effect on 0-20cm soil layer is similar to that on 20-40cm soil layer. For the improvement of soil fertility, the blank control was mowed with chemical herbicide and covered with film. (7) mowing and burying promoted the growth and development of Camellia oleifera young trees, including the growth of tree height in spring, the increase of crown amplitude in summer, and the growth of ground diameter in spring. The growth of ground diameter in summer, the diameter of spring shoot, the degree of diameter of summer shoot, the advantage of mowing grass and burying grass in summer were the most obvious, which were higher than that of the control 100, 118.18 and 48.02and 63.70 respectively. The chemical weeding treatment could also slightly promote the growth and development of Camellia oleifera saplings, and the growth and development of young Camellia oleifera trees were also slightly promoted by chemical weeding treatment. But it was not significant (P0.05), but the film mulching and blank control had no effect on the growth and development of Camellia oleifera saplings, so the effect on the growth and development of Camellia oleifera was not significant (P0.05).
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S794.4;S765
，
本文编号：2118819
[Abstract]:Weed control is a great harm to the new afforestation of Camellia oleifera in the southern hilly red soil area. Weed control is an important measure to improve the survival rate of new afforestation and promote the growth of young trees. The study on the occurrence regularity of weeds and the influence of different weeding methods on the oil tea plantation is basically blank. On the basis of observing the occurrence regularity of weeds in young Camellia oleifera forest, four treatments including mulch mulching, mowing-burying grass, chemical weeding and blank control were used to study the growth of weeds in different herbicides. The effects of soil physical and chemical properties and the growth and development of Camellia oleifera on the growth and development of Camellia oleifera were studied in order to explore the effective weeding methods and provide scientific theoretical guidance for the practical production of Camellia oleifera. The main results are as follows: (1) in the typical southern hilly red soil region, there are many species of weeds in young Camellia oleifera forest, and there are 43 species of main weeds belonging to 22 families. Among them, grasses account for 23% of the total weeds, broadleaf weeds account for 77% of the total weeds, among them, there are 9 species of annual weeds, accounting for 21% of the total number of weeds, 34 species of perennial weeds, accounting for 79% of the total number of weeds. (2) the growth of weeds can be effectively inhibited by three kinds of herbicides. However, the effect of film mulching and weeding on weeds was not significant (P0.05). (3) the soil pH value of 0-20cm soil layer was increased by 5.9m, and the soil pH value of 20-40cm soil layer was increased by 5.5g, compared with mulching, chemical weeding and blank treatment, compared with mulching, chemical weeding, and blank treatment, the effect of mowing, burying grass and chemical herbicide on weeds was more obvious. (3) the soil pH value of 0-20cm soil layer was increased by 5.9. There were significant differences in soil pH between mowing and burying grass treatment (P0.05). (4). Mowing and burying grass could increase soil moisture content of 0-20cm soil layer by 2.3 and 20-40cm soil moisture content by 2.7 percent. Chemical weeding treatment could increase soil moisture content of 0-20cm soil layer by 7.2 and 20-40cm soil layer. Soil moisture content was 5.8%, but mulching and weeding had little change. However, the water content of the blank control decreased obviously, which affected the soil moisture content. (5) the soil bulk density of 0-20cm soil layer was decreased by mowing and burying grass, and the soil bulk density of 20-40cm soil layer was decreased by 16.4%. Chemical weeding could reduce the soil bulk density of 0-20cm soil layer by 15.0%, decrease the soil bulk density of 20-40cm soil layer by 14.0%, and reduce the soil bulk density of 20-40cm soil layer. The bulk density of soil treated with film weeding and blank control did not change much. For the reduction of soil bulk density and the improvement of soil porosity, the soil organic matter content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, and chemical herbicidal mulching control were compared. The content of available potassium in 0-20cm soil layer was 12.36% higher than that in control soil layer, respectively. The soil organic matter content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content in the soil layer of grass mowing and burying grass were 14.212.98 and 42.450.400.The content of organic matter was not decreased by chemical weeding. The effect on 0-20cm soil layer is similar to that on 20-40cm soil layer. For the improvement of soil fertility, the blank control was mowed with chemical herbicide and covered with film. (7) mowing and burying promoted the growth and development of Camellia oleifera young trees, including the growth of tree height in spring, the increase of crown amplitude in summer, and the growth of ground diameter in spring. The growth of ground diameter in summer, the diameter of spring shoot, the degree of diameter of summer shoot, the advantage of mowing grass and burying grass in summer were the most obvious, which were higher than that of the control 100, 118.18 and 48.02and 63.70 respectively. The chemical weeding treatment could also slightly promote the growth and development of Camellia oleifera saplings, and the growth and development of young Camellia oleifera trees were also slightly promoted by chemical weeding treatment. But it was not significant (P0.05), but the film mulching and blank control had no effect on the growth and development of Camellia oleifera saplings, so the effect on the growth and development of Camellia oleifera was not significant (P0.05).
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S794.4;S765
，
本文编号：2118819
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