马铃薯优异新品系选育及SSR分析
发布时间:2018-07-17 06:56
【摘要】:马铃薯是我国主要的粮食、蔬菜兼用作物。本研究主要针对我国目前马铃薯加工专用型品种短缺的现状,开展了新品种选育工作。依据亲本间优缺点互补的原则进行组配,用生育期短的彩色马铃薯'四彩'和'彩异'作母本,以抗晚疫病能力强、干物质和淀粉含量较高的'民Ⅱ'和'陇薯7号'作父本,通过人工授粉杂交,得到'四彩×民Ⅱ'、'彩异×民Ⅱ'和'四彩×陇薯7号' 3个组合的杂种F1代分离群体,并采用F1块茎无性繁殖方法保留群体单株,结合形态、单株产量、品质等农艺性状测定和评价,选育出综合性状优异的5个马铃薯新品系A6、A10、A11、B2和C2。本论文对各优异新品系的产量、品质、花粉育性、染色体配对构型和SSR指纹等特性进行测定分析,主要结果如下:1.试验从'四彩×民Ⅱ'组合中选育出3个新品系A6、A10、A11,从'彩异×民Ⅱ'和'四彩×陇薯7号' 2个组合中分别选育出新品系B2和C2。B2为高淀粉型新品系,A11和C2为全粉加工型新品系,A6、A10为鲜食型新品系。2.各新品系的生育期在85d~113d之间,A6、A10、A11和B2均为中早熟型新品系,C2为中晚熟型新品系。5个新品系结薯集中整齐、芽眼浅,平均单株产量较高(1.0kg/单株),商品薯率均在85%以上。3.查明了 5个新品系A6、A10、A11、B2和C2的染色体配对构型,其分别为5.66Ⅰ +11.47Ⅱ+3.6Ⅲ+2.15Ⅳ、2.98Ⅰ+13.54Ⅱ+2.2Ⅲ+2.83Ⅳ、3.47Ⅰ +12.13Ⅱ+3.21Ⅲ+2.66Ⅳ、8.27Ⅰ+9.26Ⅱ+4.43Ⅲ+1.98Ⅳ,和1.95Ⅰ+15.46Ⅱ+1.35Ⅲ+2.77Ⅳ。4.5个杂种新品系间的花粉育性存在一定差异。其中,品系A6、A10、A11、C2的花粉可育率均大于50%,而B2的花粉可育率小于50%,可作中间材料进一步杂交利用。5.利用筛选出10对SSR特异性引物,对5个优异新品系及其亲本的基因组DNA扩增出106个多态性条带,占82.81%。采用S189、S25和STM0030这3对特异性引物建立了新品系间的SSR指纹图。
[Abstract]:Potato is the main grain and vegetable crop in China. Aiming at the shortage of potato processing special-purpose varieties in China, the breeding of new varieties was carried out in this study. According to the principle of complementary advantages and disadvantages between parents, color potato 'four colors' and 'color difference' with short growth period were used as female parent, and 'Min 鈪,
本文编号:2129497
[Abstract]:Potato is the main grain and vegetable crop in China. Aiming at the shortage of potato processing special-purpose varieties in China, the breeding of new varieties was carried out in this study. According to the principle of complementary advantages and disadvantages between parents, color potato 'four colors' and 'color difference' with short growth period were used as female parent, and 'Min 鈪,
本文编号:2129497
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