不同播期条件下气象因子对各类油菜品种生长发育的影响
发布时间：2018-07-22 15:59
【摘要】：研究不同播期条件下气象因子的变化与差异,分析气象因子对油菜品种生长发育的影响,总结不同熟期油菜品种生长发育与温光条件的关系,对实现油菜科学合理栽培、农艺措施调控具有重要意义。本研究对主要来自长江流域的144个油菜品种进行了大田种植及生育期观察比较,选择不同熟期代表性的油菜品种(系)12个进行不同播期试验及气象因子分析,主要结果如下。1.不同品种的光温特性分类。根据公因子模型的综合得分来评价144个油菜品种材料的光温特性,分为光温敏感型和光温钝感型两大类。发现光温敏感型油菜品种的分枝部位明显高于光温钝感型油菜品种。2.播期对油菜生育期的影响。12个品种的全生育期在9月20日到10月28日的5个播期间分别为201-228天、195-211天、190-211天、186-203天和183-203天,且各品种全生育期都是随播期推迟而缩短。5个播期品种间的全生育期天数最大相差分别为24、21、17、13天,表明各品种的全生育期随着播期的推迟差异变小。3.积温对不同熟期油菜品种各生育时期的影响。2014-2017年三年试验表明,不同品种从播种到成熟收获所需积温(≥0℃)最低值为1875.46℃d,出苗期、苗期、蕾薹期、花期和角果期阶段需经历至少96.29℃d、609.84℃d、88.76℃d、170.44℃d和471.87℃d的积温。不同品种整个生长发育期间所需要的积温随着播期的推迟而减少。2014-2015年5个播期所有品种在苗期、蕾薹期、花期和角果期所经历的积温分别在609.84-1542.89℃d、88.93-364.04℃d、243.28-820.42℃d和448.82-744.81之间。4.平均温度对油菜生长发育过程中各生育期阶段的影响。从播种到出苗阶段的天数会随着平均温度的降低而增加,不同熟期品种表现的趋势一致;苗期天数则因为品种熟性不同而随着平均温度呈现不同的趋势,早熟品种苗期天数随着平均温度降低而增加,中晚熟品种则表现随平均温度降低而减少的趋势;蕾薹期除特早熟品种青杂7号以外,其他品种天数均随平均温度的降低而增加;花期除中双11号,其他品种都随着平均温度的升高花期天数逐渐减少。角果成熟期间,各品种角果发育的时间随着温度的升高而减少。5.不同播期条件下各熟性油菜品种产量的差异。9月20日至10月30日的5个播期中,与第一个播期相比,每推迟一个播期产量分别下降5.42%、10.67%、17.86%和24.46%,但青杂7号则有不同,播期1到播期5产量有增加也有减少,每个播期相对第一个分别增产4.63%、因为早播有明显的早薹早花现象,播期推迟产量反而有上升趋势。6.气象因子对不同熟期品种产量的影响。对于早熟油菜品种,对其产量起到直接正作用影响最大的是累计日照时数,而中熟品种的产量受直接正作用最大的是积温,晚熟品种则是辐射,气象因子中对早、中、晚熟品种负作用最大的分别是降雨量、高温和辐射、≥25℃天数。
[Abstract]:The changes and differences of meteorological factors under different sowing dates were studied, the effects of meteorological factors on the growth and development of rape varieties were analyzed, and the relationship between the growth and development of rape varieties at different mature stages and the conditions of temperature and light were summarized, so as to realize the scientific and reasonable cultivation of rapeseed. Agronomic measures are of great significance. In this study, 144 rapeseed varieties mainly from the Yangtze River Basin were observed and compared in field planting and growth period. Twelve rape varieties (lines) with different maturity stages were selected for different sowing time experiments and meteorological factor analysis. The main results were as follows: 1. Classification of light and temperature characteristics of different varieties. According to the comprehensive score of common factor model, the light and temperature characteristics of 144 rape varieties were evaluated and divided into two categories: light and temperature sensitive type and light and temperature insensitive type. It was found that the branching position of light and temperature sensitive rape varieties was significantly higher than that of light and temperature insensitive rape varieties. 2. The effect of sowing date on the growth period of rape. The total growth period of 12 varieties was 201-228 days, 195-211 days, 190-211 days, 186-203 days and 183-203 days, respectively, from September 20 to October 28, the five sowing periods were 201-228 days, 195-211 days, 190-211 days, 186-203 days, and 183-203 days, respectively. And the whole growth period of each variety was shortened with the delay of sowing date, and the maximum difference of the whole growing days among the five varieties was 24 ~ 21 ~ 1713 days, which indicated that the difference of the whole growth period of each variety was smaller with the delay of sowing date. Effects of accumulated temperature on different growing stages of rape varieties in different maturing stage. The results of three years' experiment in 2014-2017 showed that the minimum value of accumulated temperature (鈮，
本文编号：2137983
[Abstract]:The changes and differences of meteorological factors under different sowing dates were studied, the effects of meteorological factors on the growth and development of rape varieties were analyzed, and the relationship between the growth and development of rape varieties at different mature stages and the conditions of temperature and light were summarized, so as to realize the scientific and reasonable cultivation of rapeseed. Agronomic measures are of great significance. In this study, 144 rapeseed varieties mainly from the Yangtze River Basin were observed and compared in field planting and growth period. Twelve rape varieties (lines) with different maturity stages were selected for different sowing time experiments and meteorological factor analysis. The main results were as follows: 1. Classification of light and temperature characteristics of different varieties. According to the comprehensive score of common factor model, the light and temperature characteristics of 144 rape varieties were evaluated and divided into two categories: light and temperature sensitive type and light and temperature insensitive type. It was found that the branching position of light and temperature sensitive rape varieties was significantly higher than that of light and temperature insensitive rape varieties. 2. The effect of sowing date on the growth period of rape. The total growth period of 12 varieties was 201-228 days, 195-211 days, 190-211 days, 186-203 days and 183-203 days, respectively, from September 20 to October 28, the five sowing periods were 201-228 days, 195-211 days, 190-211 days, 186-203 days, and 183-203 days, respectively. And the whole growth period of each variety was shortened with the delay of sowing date, and the maximum difference of the whole growing days among the five varieties was 24 ~ 21 ~ 1713 days, which indicated that the difference of the whole growth period of each variety was smaller with the delay of sowing date. Effects of accumulated temperature on different growing stages of rape varieties in different maturing stage. The results of three years' experiment in 2014-2017 showed that the minimum value of accumulated temperature (鈮，
本文编号：2137983
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