湿地松材性测定技术研究与多性状联合选择
发布时间：2018-07-25 19:14
【摘要】：湿地松(Pinus elliottii)原产于美国东南部,是世界性工业用材林的主要造林树种。经过数十年育种工作,湿地松生长性状获得较大的改良。然而由于取样测定难等因素,材性性状尤其是涉及到破坏性取样的弹性模量等力学性状的改良工作则被人为忽视,这也是造成湿地松在极端气候条件下弯折或倒伏风险较高的重要原因之一,影响了该树种在我国的健康持续发展。因此,本研究论文构建了湿地松材性无损评估技术体系,并以此为基础开展了湿地松主要经济性状遗传变异分析以及遗传力估算与样本量的关系的研究,进而通过建立理想的指数选择模型实现了湿地松生长和材性性状的综合改良,为速生优质湿地松人工林建设提供了种质基础。主要结果如下:(1)木材基本密度ρ与Pilodyn测定值Pr呈显著负相关关系,其回归方程ρ=0.6557-0.0778Pr,1/Pr可以作为木材基本密度的一个有效衡量指标,对同一测定群体内单株或家系的基本密度进行间接测定。弹性模量测定值MOE与弹性模量(计算值)MOEρ(MOEρ=ρV2)之间存在着极显著的线性相关关系,在遗传选择时MOEρ完全可以代表弹性模量测定值进行评估与选育。弹性模量相对值MOEP(MOEP=1/Pr×V2)与弹性模量MOEρ之间呈现极显著的高度正相关关系,回归模型MOEρ=0.2108+0.9431MOEP,可直接利用MOEP作为各样木的弹性模量值参与遗传分析。弹性模量MOEρ与波速V之间的线性回归模型MOEρ=-5.1218+3.2394V,在比较同一测定群体弹性模量值相对大小时也可直接比较V值。(2)木材基本密度和弹性模量受中等程度的遗传控制,其遗传力(0.3050±0.0792、0.2920±0.0783)明显高于生长性状(0.0625~0.2160)。通过一定的选择强度,材积、木材基本密度和弹性模量能获得较大增益,具有良好的选择效果。弹性模量和木材基本密度具有中等程度的显著正相关关系。材性和生长性状之间遗传相关不显著,仅存在着显著的表型相关,在现实生产中能够实现两类性状同步改良。(3)小样本量下的遗传力及其标准误估算值是不稳定的,随样本容量或家系容量的增加其精度与准确性逐渐增加,在遗传力估计时应采用较大的样本与尽可能多的家系数,以保证其估计的精度及准确性。遗传力较低的性状其遗传力估计所需临界样本量普遍大于遗传力较高的性状,在估测遗传参数时应该相应地增加样本量。对于本研究的测定群体而言,要获得精确度较高的遗传力估算值,所需测定的湿地松家系数应该大于39个,同时随机测量的单株数也应大于600株。(4)单性状选择法能使选择性状得到最大程度的改良,当以生长性状或材性性状其中之一进行直接选择时,另一类性状的增益将会受到抑制,即此方法不适合以生长和材性性状同步改良为育种目标的优良材料选育工作。独立挑选法能够使得每个性状同时获得较为理想的改良,在缺少有效遗传参数的情况下,该方法是实现多性状联合选择的有效方法之一。以等权重法估算目标性状经济权重,当10倍强调材性性状时建立的选择指数能够保证生长性状与材性性状能够同时得到较高的遗传进展,是一种较为理想的选择指数。利用指数选择法综合选择出来的10个优良家系分别是:Fam_11-98、Fam_4-87、Fam_B8-16、Fam_0-247、Fam_0-933、Fam_A4-10、Fam_A4-23、Fam_A2-9、Fam_A4-19、Fam_4-39(排名不分先后),其中前五个家系也包含在以独立挑选法选择出的10个家系中,为生长和材性性状表现皆优的家系,最后4个家系则偏重于生长性状,材性表现一般。
[Abstract]:Pinus elliottii is native to the southeastern United States and is the Main Forestation Tree in the world's industrial timber forests. After decades of breeding, the growth traits of Pinus elliottii have been greatly improved. However, the improvement of mechanical properties, especially the elastic modulus of destructive sampling, has been made due to the difficulty of sampling. It is one of the important reasons for the high risk of flexure or lodging in the extreme climate, which affects the healthy and sustained development of the tree species in our country. Therefore, this paper constructs a nondestructive evaluation system for the pine wood properties of the wetland, and based on this, the genetic change of the main economic characters of the Pinus elliottii is carried out. The study of the relationship between the difference analysis and the estimation of the heritability and the sample size, and then through the establishment of an ideal index selection model to achieve a comprehensive improvement of the growth and wood properties of Pinus elliottii, provides a Germplasm Basis for the construction of the fast-growing and high-quality Pinus elliottii plantation. The main results are as follows: (1) the basic density of wood is significantly negative to the Pilodyn value Pr. The correlation relation, the regression equation Rho =0.6557-0.0778Pr, 1/Pr can be used as an effective measure of the basic density of wood, and indirectly determine the basic density of single plant or family in the same determination group. There is a very significant linear correlation between the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the modulus of elasticity (the calculated value) MOE rho (MOE P = P V2). MOE Rho in genetic selection can be evaluated and bred on behalf of the modulus of elasticity. The relative value of modulus of elasticity MOEP (MOEP=1/Pr x V2) has a very significant positive correlation between the modulus of elasticity and modulus of elasticity MOE rho. The regression model, MOE P =0.2108+0.9431MOEP, can directly use MOEP as the elastic modulus value of all kinds of wood to participate in genetic analysis. The linear regression model between the modulus of sexual modulus MOE Rho and the wave velocity V MOE Rho =-5.1218+3.2394V can also be directly compared to the V value when the modulus of elasticity of the same group is relatively large. (2) the basic density and modulus of wood are controlled by a moderate degree of genetic control, and the heritability (0.3050 + 0.0792,0.2920 + 0.0783) is significantly higher than that of the growth traits (0.0625~0.21 60). Through certain selection intensity, volume, wood basic density and modulus of elasticity, it can gain greater gain and have good selection effect. The modulus of elasticity and wood basic density have a significant positive correlation. There is no significant genetic correlation between timber and growth traits, only significant phenotypic correlation exists in real production. The two types of characters can be improved synchronously. (3) the heritability and the standard error estimates under the small sample size are unstable. With the increase of the sample size or the family capacity, the accuracy and accuracy of the heritability increase gradually. In the heritability estimation, the larger samples and the possible number of family coefficients should be used to ensure the accuracy and accuracy of the estimation. The critical sample size for heritability estimation is generally larger than that of high heritability, and the sample size should be increased correspondingly when estimating genetic parameters. For the test population of this study, to obtain higher accuracy of heritability, the coefficient of Slash Pine needs to be measured more than 39, at the same time The number of single plants should also be greater than 600. (4) the single sex selection method can improve the selection character to the maximum extent. When one of the growth traits or material properties is selected directly, the gain of another type of character will be inhibited. This method is not suitable for the good material of breeding target with the growth and material properties. The independent selection method can make each trait better improved at the same time. Under the absence of effective genetic parameters, this method is one of the effective methods to realize the joint selection of multiple characters. The weight method is used to estimate the economic weight of the target characters, and the selection index can be guaranteed when the 10 times the material character is emphasized. Fam_11-98, Fam_4-87, Fam_B8-16, Fam_0-247, Fam_0-933, Fam_A4-10, Fam_A4-23, Fam_A2-9, Fam_A4-19, Fam_4-39 (ranking no successively), the top five of the 10 families selected by the index selection method are the ideal selection index. The family was also included in the 10 families selected by the independent selection method, the family with excellent growth and wood properties, and the last 4 families in preference to growth traits.
【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S781;S791.246
本文编号：2144808
[Abstract]:Pinus elliottii is native to the southeastern United States and is the Main Forestation Tree in the world's industrial timber forests. After decades of breeding, the growth traits of Pinus elliottii have been greatly improved. However, the improvement of mechanical properties, especially the elastic modulus of destructive sampling, has been made due to the difficulty of sampling. It is one of the important reasons for the high risk of flexure or lodging in the extreme climate, which affects the healthy and sustained development of the tree species in our country. Therefore, this paper constructs a nondestructive evaluation system for the pine wood properties of the wetland, and based on this, the genetic change of the main economic characters of the Pinus elliottii is carried out. The study of the relationship between the difference analysis and the estimation of the heritability and the sample size, and then through the establishment of an ideal index selection model to achieve a comprehensive improvement of the growth and wood properties of Pinus elliottii, provides a Germplasm Basis for the construction of the fast-growing and high-quality Pinus elliottii plantation. The main results are as follows: (1) the basic density of wood is significantly negative to the Pilodyn value Pr. The correlation relation, the regression equation Rho =0.6557-0.0778Pr, 1/Pr can be used as an effective measure of the basic density of wood, and indirectly determine the basic density of single plant or family in the same determination group. There is a very significant linear correlation between the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the modulus of elasticity (the calculated value) MOE rho (MOE P = P V2). MOE Rho in genetic selection can be evaluated and bred on behalf of the modulus of elasticity. The relative value of modulus of elasticity MOEP (MOEP=1/Pr x V2) has a very significant positive correlation between the modulus of elasticity and modulus of elasticity MOE rho. The regression model, MOE P =0.2108+0.9431MOEP, can directly use MOEP as the elastic modulus value of all kinds of wood to participate in genetic analysis. The linear regression model between the modulus of sexual modulus MOE Rho and the wave velocity V MOE Rho =-5.1218+3.2394V can also be directly compared to the V value when the modulus of elasticity of the same group is relatively large. (2) the basic density and modulus of wood are controlled by a moderate degree of genetic control, and the heritability (0.3050 + 0.0792,0.2920 + 0.0783) is significantly higher than that of the growth traits (0.0625~0.21 60). Through certain selection intensity, volume, wood basic density and modulus of elasticity, it can gain greater gain and have good selection effect. The modulus of elasticity and wood basic density have a significant positive correlation. There is no significant genetic correlation between timber and growth traits, only significant phenotypic correlation exists in real production. The two types of characters can be improved synchronously. (3) the heritability and the standard error estimates under the small sample size are unstable. With the increase of the sample size or the family capacity, the accuracy and accuracy of the heritability increase gradually. In the heritability estimation, the larger samples and the possible number of family coefficients should be used to ensure the accuracy and accuracy of the estimation. The critical sample size for heritability estimation is generally larger than that of high heritability, and the sample size should be increased correspondingly when estimating genetic parameters. For the test population of this study, to obtain higher accuracy of heritability, the coefficient of Slash Pine needs to be measured more than 39, at the same time The number of single plants should also be greater than 600. (4) the single sex selection method can improve the selection character to the maximum extent. When one of the growth traits or material properties is selected directly, the gain of another type of character will be inhibited. This method is not suitable for the good material of breeding target with the growth and material properties. The independent selection method can make each trait better improved at the same time. Under the absence of effective genetic parameters, this method is one of the effective methods to realize the joint selection of multiple characters. The weight method is used to estimate the economic weight of the target characters, and the selection index can be guaranteed when the 10 times the material character is emphasized. Fam_11-98, Fam_4-87, Fam_B8-16, Fam_0-247, Fam_0-933, Fam_A4-10, Fam_A4-23, Fam_A2-9, Fam_A4-19, Fam_4-39 (ranking no successively), the top five of the 10 families selected by the index selection method are the ideal selection index. The family was also included in the 10 families selected by the independent selection method, the family with excellent growth and wood properties, and the last 4 families in preference to growth traits.
【学位授予单位】：中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S781;S791.246
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