福建省茄子生产调查与耐低温资源筛选及生理响应研究
发布时间：2018-07-28 15:10
【摘要】：茄子已成为福建省重要蔬菜产业之一。2015年,福建省茄子总栽培面积约为25175 hm2,总产量超过185万t,产值约70亿元。然而,福建茄子生产却面临着多种自然灾害的威胁,包括霜冻、台风、暴雨等。尤其是2016年1月的低温霜冻,给闽东以及闽南的春早熟设施茄子造成了严重的损失,泉州以北的春早熟设施茄子几乎全军覆没。本研究调查了福建省茄子生产现状,提出了相应发展建议;并针对福建省冬春茄子栽培遇到的低温霜冻问题,通过试验筛选出3个耐低温茄子种质(品种)。主要研究结果如下:1.通过对福建省茄子栽培的区域分布、种植规模、主要品种、栽培技术、经济效益和病虫危害等进行调查,发现福建省以长茄栽培为主,茄子栽培分为露地栽培和设施栽培2种形式。露地栽培面积约为18260 hm2,占茄子总栽培面积的73%;设施栽培类型主要以塑料大棚为主,约占总栽培面积的27%。设施栽培较露地栽培,茄子品质好,产量高,病虫害较轻,有较强的抵抗自然灾害的能力,应继续推广。福建省茄子种植形式多样,使福建各地不同时期均有茄子供应市场,做到了周年供应。但是,福建省茄子生产也存在着品种类型单一、重茬严重、低温霜冻等问题。2.将36个茄子种质(品种)及组合在低温中胁迫处理12 h,然后分析各种质(品种)及组合的低温伤害指数和电解质外渗率。结果表明,T40、T41、T43的低温伤害指数都低于0.20,低温伤害程度最低,为耐低温种质(品种);而T58×65、T63×54的低温伤害指数都达到了最大值1.00,低温伤害程度最大,为不耐低温组合。根据电解质外渗率筛选茄子耐低温种质(品种)效率低、易遗漏,而低温伤害指数更适合于茄子耐低温种质(品种)的筛选。3.将筛选出的3个耐低温种质(品种)(T40、T41、T43)和两个不耐低温组合(T58×65、T63×54)分别进行15℃、9℃、3℃、-3℃温度处理12h,然后测定各项生理生化指标。结果表明,耐低温茄子种质(品种)T40、T41和T43的可溶性糖、叶绿素、类黄酮等含量高于其他两个不耐低温组合,而丙二醛和自由水含量较低,这进一步证明了 T40、T41和T43的耐低温特性。
[Abstract]:Eggplant has become one of the important vegetable industries in Fujian Province. In 2015, the total cultivated area of eggplant in Fujian Province was about 25175 hm ~ 2, the total yield exceeded 1.85 million tons, and the output value was about 7 billion yuan. However, the production of eggplant in Fujian is threatened by many kinds of natural disasters, including frost, typhoon, rainstorm and so on. In particular, the low temperature frost in January 2016 caused serious losses to the spring precocious eggplant in the east of Fujian and the south of Fujian, and almost completely destroyed the spring precocious eggplant north of Quanzhou. The present situation of eggplant production in Fujian Province was investigated, and the corresponding development suggestions were put forward, and three varieties of eggplant germplasm (varieties) with low temperature tolerance were selected according to the low temperature frost problem encountered in the cultivation of winter and spring eggplant in Fujian Province. The main results are as follows: 1. Based on the investigation of the regional distribution, planting scale, main varieties, cultivation techniques, economic benefits and pests and diseases of eggplant cultivation in Fujian Province, it was found that the cultivation of eggplant in Fujian Province was dominated by long eggplant cultivation. Eggplant cultivation can be divided into two forms: open field cultivation and protected cultivation. The cultivation area of open field is about 18260 mm ~ 2, which accounts for 73% of the total cultivation area of eggplant, and the main type of protected cultivation is plastic shed, accounting for 27% of the total cultivated area. Compared with outdoor cultivation, eggplant has better quality, higher yield, lighter pests and diseases and stronger ability to resist natural disasters, so it should continue to be popularized. The variety of eggplant planting in Fujian Province makes the eggplant supply market in different periods in Fujian province, and the annual supply is achieved. However, there are some problems in eggplant production in Fujian Province, such as single variety type, severe stubble, low temperature frost and so on. 36 eggplant germplasm (varieties) and combinations were treated under low temperature stress for 12 hours, then the low temperature injury index and electrolyte exosmosis rate of all kinds of eggplant germplasm (cultivars) and combinations were analyzed. The results showed that the low temperature injury index of T40, T41, T43 was lower than 0.20, the degree of low temperature injury was the lowest, and the low temperature injury index of T58 脳 65, T63 脳 54 had reached the maximum value of 1.00, and the degree of low temperature injury was the largest, which was the combination of low temperature tolerance. The low temperature tolerance germplasm (variety) of eggplant was selected according to the electrolyte exosmosis rate, and the low temperature injury index was more suitable for the screening of eggplant germplasm (variety) with low temperature tolerance. Three chilling tolerant germplasm (T40T41T43) and two intolerant combinations (T58 脳 65T63 脳 54) were treated at 15 鈩，
本文编号：2150648
[Abstract]:Eggplant has become one of the important vegetable industries in Fujian Province. In 2015, the total cultivated area of eggplant in Fujian Province was about 25175 hm ~ 2, the total yield exceeded 1.85 million tons, and the output value was about 7 billion yuan. However, the production of eggplant in Fujian is threatened by many kinds of natural disasters, including frost, typhoon, rainstorm and so on. In particular, the low temperature frost in January 2016 caused serious losses to the spring precocious eggplant in the east of Fujian and the south of Fujian, and almost completely destroyed the spring precocious eggplant north of Quanzhou. The present situation of eggplant production in Fujian Province was investigated, and the corresponding development suggestions were put forward, and three varieties of eggplant germplasm (varieties) with low temperature tolerance were selected according to the low temperature frost problem encountered in the cultivation of winter and spring eggplant in Fujian Province. The main results are as follows: 1. Based on the investigation of the regional distribution, planting scale, main varieties, cultivation techniques, economic benefits and pests and diseases of eggplant cultivation in Fujian Province, it was found that the cultivation of eggplant in Fujian Province was dominated by long eggplant cultivation. Eggplant cultivation can be divided into two forms: open field cultivation and protected cultivation. The cultivation area of open field is about 18260 mm ~ 2, which accounts for 73% of the total cultivation area of eggplant, and the main type of protected cultivation is plastic shed, accounting for 27% of the total cultivated area. Compared with outdoor cultivation, eggplant has better quality, higher yield, lighter pests and diseases and stronger ability to resist natural disasters, so it should continue to be popularized. The variety of eggplant planting in Fujian Province makes the eggplant supply market in different periods in Fujian province, and the annual supply is achieved. However, there are some problems in eggplant production in Fujian Province, such as single variety type, severe stubble, low temperature frost and so on. 36 eggplant germplasm (varieties) and combinations were treated under low temperature stress for 12 hours, then the low temperature injury index and electrolyte exosmosis rate of all kinds of eggplant germplasm (cultivars) and combinations were analyzed. The results showed that the low temperature injury index of T40, T41, T43 was lower than 0.20, the degree of low temperature injury was the lowest, and the low temperature injury index of T58 脳 65, T63 脳 54 had reached the maximum value of 1.00, and the degree of low temperature injury was the largest, which was the combination of low temperature tolerance. The low temperature tolerance germplasm (variety) of eggplant was selected according to the electrolyte exosmosis rate, and the low temperature injury index was more suitable for the screening of eggplant germplasm (variety) with low temperature tolerance. Three chilling tolerant germplasm (T40T41T43) and two intolerant combinations (T58 脳 65T63 脳 54) were treated at 15 鈩，
本文编号：2150648
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