豆粕替代鱼粉对花鲈生长性能和肠道健康的影响

发布时间：2018-07-29 15:31

【摘要】：本试验以初重为(6.07±0.03 g)的花鲈为养殖对象,研究豆粕替代鱼粉对花鲈生长及肠道健康的影响。用豆粕替代饲料中0(D1)、50%(D2)和75%(D3)的鱼粉,配制3种等氮(粗蛋白43%)等脂(粗脂肪13%)的试验饲料,实验分为3个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼,饱食投喂2次/天(08:30和18:00),试验周期8周。主要研究结果如下:1.豆粕替代鱼粉对花鲈生长性能、体组成、消化酶活性和表观消化率的影响花鲈的增重率(WG)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)、蛋白质效率(PER)和成活率(SR)的最低值和最高值分别出现在D3组和D1组。D3组花鲈体内水分和灰分的含量显著高于其他组,蛋白和脂肪含量显著低于其他组(P0.05)。花鲈肠道消化酶活力随豆粕替代量的升高而降低。花鲈对饲料蛋白、能量和干物质表观消化率随豆粕替代量升高而显著降低(P0.05)。以上结果表明:豆粕替代鱼粉可能通过降低花鲈肠道消化酶活力和表观消化率,从而降低其生长性能,影响其体组成。2.豆粕替代鱼粉对花鲈肠道组织形态和肠道机械屏障功能的影响肠道形态学测量显示:随着豆粕替代量的逐渐升高,花鲈前肠、中肠绒毛长度、绒毛宽度、肌层厚度和绒腺比逐渐降低。肠道组织结构观察发现:与D1组相比,D2组和D3组的肠黏膜结构遭到破坏,出现肠黏膜上皮细胞逐渐稀疏、排列紊乱、固有层加宽等现象。豆粕的替代水平的增加显著升高了花鲈血清D-乳酸浓度(P0.05)。当替代鱼粉比例为50%时,花鲈血清二胺氧化酶活性与全鱼粉组相比没有显著性变化(P0.05),当替代量达到75%时,血清二胺氧化酶活性显著升高(DAO)(P0.05)。以上结果表明:豆粕替代鱼粉会损伤花鲈肠黏膜组织结构,破坏其机械屏障功能。3.豆粕替代鱼粉对花鲈肠道小肽、氨基酸转运载体及炎性因子基因表达量的影响与D1组相比,D2和D3组花鲈前肠肽转运载体PepT1基因的表达量显著上升(P0.05),而中肠PepT1表达量没有显著差异(P0.05);花鲈前肠氨基酸转运载体(LAT1)表达量在D1和D2组差异不显著(P0.05),但显著低于D3组(P0.05),氨基酸转运载体(SLC1A5)表达量在D1和D3组差异不显著(P0.05),但显著低于D2组(P0.05);中肠LAT1和SLC1A5表达量随着豆粕替代水平的增加而显著上升(P0.05)。与全鱼粉组相比,饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉显著增加花鲈前肠促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-2和IL-8基因的表达量(P0.05);也显著增加中肠TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-2表达量,但对IL-8基因表达量无显著影响(P0.05)。饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉显著降低花鲈前肠和中肠抗炎因子IL-4基因表达量(P0.05)。然而,抗炎因子IL-10基因表达量在前肠D2组最高,而在中肠则D3组最高(P0.05)。以上结果表明,豆粕替代鱼粉会影响花鲈肠道小肽和氨基酸转运载体的表达;高比例豆粕替代鱼粉会增加肠道促炎因子的表达,降低抗炎因子的表达,且前肠的敏感性高于中肠。4.豆粕替代鱼粉对花鲈肠道菌群结构的影响肠壁微生物多样性测序结果如下:豆粕替代鱼粉水平没有改变花鲈前肠肠壁菌群的种类多样性,但很大程度影响了其肠壁菌群的数量。豆粕替代鱼粉水平没有改变花鲈前肠肠壁的优势菌群种类组成,却很大程度改变了优势菌群菌落的数量组成。且随着豆粕替代鱼粉水平的逐渐升高,花鲈前肠肠壁的有害菌群(假单胞菌、不动杆菌、乳球菌、肠杆菌)数量提高,有益菌(芽孢杆菌)数量降低。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, the effect of soybean meal instead of fish meal on the growth and intestinal health of perch was studied in the experiment (6.07 + 0.03 g). Soybean meal was used to replace 0 (D1), 50% (D2) and 75% (D3) fish meal in feed, and 3 kinds of equal nitrogen (crude protein 43%) fat (crude fat 13%) were prepared. The experiment was divided into 3 treatments, 3 repetitions per treatment, each treatment. 20 fish were repeated for 2 times / day (08:30 and 18:00), and the test period was 8 weeks. The main results were as follows: 1. soybean meal substitute fish meal for the growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activity and apparent digestibility of perch, the weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency (PER) and survival rate (SR). The content of water and ash in D3 group and D1 group.D3 group was significantly higher than that of other groups, and the content of protein and fat was significantly lower than that of other groups (P0.05). The digestive enzyme activity of perch bass decreased with the increase of soybean meal replacement. Significantly lower (P0.05). The results showed that the replacement of fish meal by soybean meal could reduce the digestive enzyme activity and apparent digestibility of the perch, thus reducing the growth performance, and affecting the morphology of the intestinal tissue and the intestinal mechanical barrier function of the.2. soybean meal instead of fish meal on the intestinal tissue morphology and intestinal mechanical barrier function of the perch. The intestinal mucosal structure of D2 and D3 groups was destroyed, the intestinal mucosal epithelial cells were gradually thinning, disordered and lamina widened, and the replacement level of soybean meal was increased. The serum D- lactic acid concentration (P0.05) was significantly increased. When the replacement of fish meal ratio was 50%, the activity of two amine oxidase in the serum of perch was not significantly different from that of the whole fish meal group (P0.05). When the replacement amount reached 75%, the activity of serum two amine oxidase increased significantly (DAO) (P0.05). The results showed that soybean meal instead of fish meal would damage the intestinal mucus of perch. The effect of.3. soybean meal instead of fish meal on the intestinal small peptide, amino acid transport carrier and the expression of inflammatory factor gene was significantly higher than that of the D1 group. The expression of PepT1 gene in the D2 and D3 group was significantly increased (P0.05), but there was no significant difference in the expression of PepT1 in the midgut (P0.05). The expression of intestinal amino acid transport carrier (LAT1) was not significantly different in D1 and D2 groups (P0.05), but significantly lower than that in D3 group (P0.05). The expression of amino acid transport carrier (SLC1A5) was not significantly different in D1 and D3 group (P0.05), but significantly lower than that in D2 group (P0.05). Compared with the powder group, the replacement of fish meal in the feed soybean meal significantly increased the expression of TNF- a, IL-1 beta, IL-2 and IL-8 genes (P0.05) in the foregut of perch, but also significantly increased the expression of TNF- a, IL-1 beta and IL-2 in the midgut, but had no significant influence on the expression of IL-8 gene (P0.05). The substitution of fish meal in the feed soybean meal significantly reduced the I anti-inflammatory factors of the foregut and midgut of the perch The expression of L-4 gene (P0.05). However, the expression of IL-10 gene was highest in the D2 group of the foregut, but the highest in the middle intestine (P0.05). The above results showed that the substitution of fish meal in the soybean meal would affect the expression of the small peptide and amino acid transporters in the intestinal tract of the perch, and the high proportion of soybean meal instead of fish meal would increase the expression of intestinal proinflammatory factors and reduce the anti-inflammatory factors. The sensitivity of the foregut was higher than that of the midgut.4. soybean meal instead of fish meal on the structure of intestinal microflora of perch. The results of microbial diversity of intestinal wall were as follows: soybean meal instead of fish meal did not change the variety of the intestinal microflora in the foregut, but greatly influenced the number of intestinal microflora. Soybean meal replaced fish meal level. The species composition of the dominant flora of the intestinal wall of the perch was not changed, but the number of the dominant bacteria colony was greatly changed, and the number of harmful bacteria (Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Lactococcus, Enterococcus) in the intestinal wall of the perch was increased with the increase of the level of fish meal, and the number of Bacillus (Bacillus) decreased.
【学位授予单位】：集美大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S965.211

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