花鳗鲡肠道菌群结构与生长速度相互关系的研究
发布时间：2018-07-29 12:11
【摘要】：肠道菌群是一个受遗传、营养和环境因子影响的动态生态系统,复杂的肠道菌群因其对宿主生长、健康等方面的影响而日益受到研究学者的关注,是宿主体内不可缺少的“器官”之一。花鳗鲡,是鳗鲡类中体型较大的一类,广泛地分布在热带和亚热带的海水与淡水水系里,是一种珍贵的鱼类资源,为中国国家二级保护动物。随着养殖集约化的增加和养殖技术的限制,花鳗鲡养殖水平参差不齐。在花鳗鲡养殖过程中,因为营养不良和管理不当等因素,会出现一些养殖时间长却生长极缓慢的个体。它们通常头大尾小,体色多呈棕黄色或黑色,被称为僵鳗。本研究中,运用传统培养手段和高通量测序技术揭示不同生长程度花鳗鲡肠道菌群结构,并结合饲喂实验初步探讨花鳗鲡肠道关键菌群对其生长的影响。实验设计三组鳗鲡肠道样品(快速生长组Am-R、缓慢生长组Am-S和僵滞生长组Am-F)和两组环境样品(养殖水体组Am-W和饲料组Am-B),本研究结果如下:1、利用传统培养手段分离Am-R组和Am-F组的鳗鲡肠道细菌共包括14个属,分别为乳球菌属、肠球菌属、气单胞菌属、假单胞菌属、肠杆菌属、变形菌属、克雷伯氏菌属、沙雷氏菌属、不动杆菌属、邻单胞菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属、埃希氏菌属、爱德华氏菌属,和微杆菌属。其中,仅在Am-R组中分离得到了乳球菌属和肠球菌属。2、利用高通量测序技术分析花鳗鲡样品菌群结构,经过滤和去冗余处理,11个样品共获得625,583有效读段和36,863个可操作分类单元(OTU)。所有样品中,Shannon指数平均值Am-WAm-BAm-FAm-RAm-S,Simpsom指数平均值Am-WAm-BAm-FAm-RAm-S,ACE和Chao指数平均值Am-BAm-WAm-SAm-RAm-F。其中,Am-W组菌群微生物多样性最高,Am-B组菌群丰度最高,而在肠道样品中Am-S组菌群多样性最低、丰度最高。花鳗鲡肠道样品中Am-R组和Am-S组菌群结构相似,共有核心菌群为鲸杆菌属、梭菌属、乳球菌属和拟杆菌属。而Am-F组核心菌群为螺原体属。Am-W组核心菌群为黄杆菌属、新鞘氨醇菌属和假单胞菌属。Am-B组核心菌群为棒状杆菌属。此外,在快速生长和僵滞生长的花鳗鲡肠道中,主要差异菌群为鲸杆菌属、梭菌属、乳球菌属、拟杆菌属、爱德华氏菌属、邻单胞菌属、魏斯氏菌属、肠杆菌科和螺原体属等。3、三组饲料添加剂均对僵鳗生长产生了促进作用,其中以拟杆菌属与梭菌属添加组(BC组)促生长效果最好,乳球菌属与肠球菌属添加组(LE组)的促生长效果与甘露寡糖添加组(MO组)的促生长效果没有显著差异。本研究结果阐明了养殖花鳗鲡肠道菌群基本组成,分析了影响鳗鲡生长的关键菌群,对几种潜在益生菌能否促进僵鳗生长进行了初步探索,为后续关于鳗鲡保护和养殖的研究提供了基础,并丰富了肠道微生物和饲料添加剂方面的研究。
[Abstract]:Intestinal flora is a dynamic ecosystem affected by genetic, nutritional and environmental factors. It is one of the indispensable "organs" in the host. Anguilla japonica is a large species of eels, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical seawater and fresh water systems, is a precious fish resources, China's second class protected animals. With the increase of intensive culture and the restriction of culture technology, the culture level of Anguilla japonica is not uniform. During the cultivation of Anguilla japonica, some individuals who have been cultured for a long time but grow very slowly may appear because of malnutrition and improper management. They are usually large-tailed and usually brown or black, called stiff eels. In this study, traditional culture methods and high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to reveal the intestinal microflora structure of Anguilla japonica with different growth degrees, and the effects of key intestinal flora on the growth of Anguilla Anguilla japonica were preliminarily studied in combination with feeding experiments. Three groups of eel intestinal samples (Am-R-, Am-S and Am-F) and two environmental samples (Am-W and Am-B) were designed. The results are as follows: 1. Am-R was separated by traditional culture method. The intestinal bacteria of Anguilla japonica in group A and group Am-F consisted of 14 genera. They are Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Proteus, Klebsiella, Shareh, Acinetobacter, Orthomonas, Citrate, Escherichia, The genus Edward's, and the genus Microbacillus. Among them, Lactococcus and Enterococcus were isolated from Am-R group only. The microflora of Anguilla Anguilla japonica was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technique. After filtration and de-redundancy treatment, 11 samples obtained 625583 effective reading segments and 36863 operable taxonomic units (OTU). In all samples, the average value of Shannon index Am-WAm-BAm-FAm-RAm-RAm-SSimpsom index Am-WAm-BAm-FAm-RAm-Strom ACE and Chao index Am-BAm-WAm-SAm-RAm-F. Am-W group had the highest microbial diversity and Am-B group had the highest abundance, while Am-S group had the lowest diversity and highest abundance in intestinal samples. The microflora of Am-R group and Am-S group were similar in the intestinal samples of Anguilla japonica. The core flora were cetacea, Clostridium, Lactococcus and Bacteroides. However, the core flora of Am-F group was spruce. Am-W group was Flavobacterium, the new sphingosine group and pseudomonas group. Am-B group was Corynebacterium genus. In addition, in the rapid growth and stagnant growth of Anguilla japonica, the main different bacteria groups are cetacea, Clostridium, Lactococcus, Bacteroides, Edward's, Orthomonas, Weiss's. Three groups of feed additives, such as Enterobacteriaceae and spiroplasma, could promote the growth of stiff eel, especially Bacteroides and Clostridium Additives (BC group). There was no significant difference in growth promoting effect between Lactococcus group and Enterococcus group (le group) and mannose oligosaccharide supplementation group (MO group). In this study, the basic composition of the intestinal flora of cultured Anguilla japonica was clarified, the key flora affecting the growth of Anguilla Anguilla japonica was analyzed, and the effects of several potential probiotics on the growth of stiff eel were preliminarily explored. It provides a basis for further studies on the protection and breeding of Anguilla japonica, and enriches the research on intestinal microbes and feed additives.
【学位授予单位】：集美大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S917.4
本文编号：2152632
[Abstract]:Intestinal flora is a dynamic ecosystem affected by genetic, nutritional and environmental factors. It is one of the indispensable "organs" in the host. Anguilla japonica is a large species of eels, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical seawater and fresh water systems, is a precious fish resources, China's second class protected animals. With the increase of intensive culture and the restriction of culture technology, the culture level of Anguilla japonica is not uniform. During the cultivation of Anguilla japonica, some individuals who have been cultured for a long time but grow very slowly may appear because of malnutrition and improper management. They are usually large-tailed and usually brown or black, called stiff eels. In this study, traditional culture methods and high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to reveal the intestinal microflora structure of Anguilla japonica with different growth degrees, and the effects of key intestinal flora on the growth of Anguilla Anguilla japonica were preliminarily studied in combination with feeding experiments. Three groups of eel intestinal samples (Am-R-, Am-S and Am-F) and two environmental samples (Am-W and Am-B) were designed. The results are as follows: 1. Am-R was separated by traditional culture method. The intestinal bacteria of Anguilla japonica in group A and group Am-F consisted of 14 genera. They are Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Proteus, Klebsiella, Shareh, Acinetobacter, Orthomonas, Citrate, Escherichia, The genus Edward's, and the genus Microbacillus. Among them, Lactococcus and Enterococcus were isolated from Am-R group only. The microflora of Anguilla Anguilla japonica was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technique. After filtration and de-redundancy treatment, 11 samples obtained 625583 effective reading segments and 36863 operable taxonomic units (OTU). In all samples, the average value of Shannon index Am-WAm-BAm-FAm-RAm-RAm-SSimpsom index Am-WAm-BAm-FAm-RAm-Strom ACE and Chao index Am-BAm-WAm-SAm-RAm-F. Am-W group had the highest microbial diversity and Am-B group had the highest abundance, while Am-S group had the lowest diversity and highest abundance in intestinal samples. The microflora of Am-R group and Am-S group were similar in the intestinal samples of Anguilla japonica. The core flora were cetacea, Clostridium, Lactococcus and Bacteroides. However, the core flora of Am-F group was spruce. Am-W group was Flavobacterium, the new sphingosine group and pseudomonas group. Am-B group was Corynebacterium genus. In addition, in the rapid growth and stagnant growth of Anguilla japonica, the main different bacteria groups are cetacea, Clostridium, Lactococcus, Bacteroides, Edward's, Orthomonas, Weiss's. Three groups of feed additives, such as Enterobacteriaceae and spiroplasma, could promote the growth of stiff eel, especially Bacteroides and Clostridium Additives (BC group). There was no significant difference in growth promoting effect between Lactococcus group and Enterococcus group (le group) and mannose oligosaccharide supplementation group (MO group). In this study, the basic composition of the intestinal flora of cultured Anguilla japonica was clarified, the key flora affecting the growth of Anguilla Anguilla japonica was analyzed, and the effects of several potential probiotics on the growth of stiff eel were preliminarily explored. It provides a basis for further studies on the protection and breeding of Anguilla japonica, and enriches the research on intestinal microbes and feed additives.
【学位授予单位】：集美大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S917.4
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