耕作覆盖方式对旱作大豆产量及土壤水热效应影响的研究
发布时间：2018-08-02 10:04
【摘要】：本文以大豆为试验材料,在内蒙古呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗地区于2016年进行大田定位试验,设宽覆膜、免耕、秸秆覆盖、免耕秸秆覆盖和传统耕作5个处理,测定大豆整个生育期0～20cm 土壤温度、0～100cm 土层土壤水分、生理形态指标、干物质积累和产量等,探讨旱作条件下不同耕作覆盖措施的增产机制及其对土壤水热环境的影响,进一步筛选出适合岭东南地区的旱作农业技术。得到主要结论如下:(1)与传统耕作相比,覆膜在整个生育期表现出了增温和降温双重效应,在生育前期和中期表现为增温效果;在生育后期表现为降温效果。全生育期0～20cm 土壤平均温度较传统耕作高1.18℃,土壤积温较对照处理增加了 130.07℃。而免耕、秸秆覆盖和免耕秸秆覆盖处理整个生育期都表现为降温效应;降温效应以免耕秸秆覆盖最明显,全生育期0～20cm 土壤平均温度较传统耕作低1.13℃。土壤积温较对照处理降低了 120.75℃。不同生育期各处理间的温度差异以表层最明显,随着土壤深度的增加差异逐渐减弱。(2)免耕秸秆覆盖和覆膜方式都能够有效的抑制土壤水分蒸发,保墒作用明显;0～100cm 土层贮水量全生育期分别比传统耕作显著高出193.95mm和192.70mm,免耕秸秆覆盖整体的保墒效果好于覆膜,尤其在关键生育阶段(开花～结荚)土壤贮水量处于最高状态,保证了作物的供水。秸秆覆盖和免耕处理影响不明显。(3)不同的耕作覆盖措施对大豆的生长和干物质的积累的提高都有效果,其中覆膜效果最好,免耕秸秆覆盖次之,其它处理与传统耕作差异较小。覆膜和免耕秸秆覆盖能显著提高大豆的株高、茎粗、叶面积及植株干物质积累量,最终增加大豆的产量。(4)不同耕作覆盖措施均能增加大豆植株的荚数、单株粒数、百粒重以及产量,其中以覆膜效果最好,免耕秸秆覆盖次之。覆膜和免耕秸秆覆盖处理下大豆产量较传统耕作分别提高43.36%和35.12%,水分利用效率较传统耕作分别提高15.02%和10.72%。研究表明宽覆膜种植技术能够显著提高大豆产量和协调土壤水热状况,适宜在半湿润偏旱区大豆种植中应用。
[Abstract]:In this paper, soybean was used as the experimental material, and the field location test was carried out in the Arong Banner area of Hulunbeir City in Inner Mongolia in 2016. Five treatments were set up: wide mulching, no-tillage, straw mulching, no-tillage straw mulching and traditional tillage. The soil moisture, physiological form index, dry matter accumulation and yield were measured in 100 cm soil layer of 0~20cm soil temperature during the whole growth period of soybean. The mechanism of increasing yield under different tillage and mulching measures and its effect on soil water and heat environment were discussed. Furthermore, the dry farming techniques suitable for the southeast region of the mountains were screened out. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) compared with the traditional tillage, the film mulching showed the effect of temperature increasing and cooling in the whole growth period, the effect of warming in the early and middle growth period, and the cooling effect in the late growth period. The average temperature of 0~20cm was 1.18 鈩，
本文编号：2159085
[Abstract]:In this paper, soybean was used as the experimental material, and the field location test was carried out in the Arong Banner area of Hulunbeir City in Inner Mongolia in 2016. Five treatments were set up: wide mulching, no-tillage, straw mulching, no-tillage straw mulching and traditional tillage. The soil moisture, physiological form index, dry matter accumulation and yield were measured in 100 cm soil layer of 0~20cm soil temperature during the whole growth period of soybean. The mechanism of increasing yield under different tillage and mulching measures and its effect on soil water and heat environment were discussed. Furthermore, the dry farming techniques suitable for the southeast region of the mountains were screened out. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) compared with the traditional tillage, the film mulching showed the effect of temperature increasing and cooling in the whole growth period, the effect of warming in the early and middle growth period, and the cooling effect in the late growth period. The average temperature of 0~20cm was 1.18 鈩，
本文编号：2159085
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