遮阴对甘肃马先蒿形态可塑性及生理应激性的影响

发布时间：2018-08-02 12:26

【摘要】：针对现有观赏花卉品种少、病虫害频发、抗性下降、观赏性衰退等实际问题,依托川西高原丰富的野生花卉种质资源,拟筛选抗性强、观赏性佳的野生花卉为园林美化事业可持续发展服务。论文以高辐射地区的野生甘肃马先蒿(Pedicularis kansuensis)为试验材料,采用控制性试验设计,设置3个(CK、35%、70%)遮阴梯度,研究遮阴胁迫下甘肃马先蒿构件性状、生物量分配及形态塑性,分析甘肃马先蒿抗氧化酶活性、抗性、光合色素和光合参数对遮阴生境的应激反应,揭示其在不同光照环境下的生存策略及生长特点,为从高辐射地区引种驯化野生观赏花卉及其开发利用提供依据。主要研究结果如下:(1)构件形态:遮阴对甘肃马先蒿叶、茎、根性状有显著影响(P0.05)。叶性状和茎性状指标在35%遮阴下均达最大值,随遮阴度继续加重,茎性状和叶性状均呈下降趋势,70%遮阴下达最小值。根数、根长和根茎直径则随遮阴增加而逐渐下降。花性状受遮阴影响最小,仅花轴长及花数有显著影响。(2)生物量及分配比:遮阴对生物量及生物量分配比均有极显著性影响(P0.01)。遮阴对地上生物量的影响大于地下生物量。随遮阴度增加,茎、叶、花轴和花果等构件生物量呈先升后降趋势,根生物量则随遮阴的增加呈降低趋势,在35%遮阴下达到最大值,70%遮阴下最小。遮阴胁迫下,根生物量分配比和根冠比随遮阴度的增加逐渐减少,CK下最大。叶、轴、花果生物量分配比在35%遮阴下最大,70%遮阴下最低,轻度遮阴有利于地上生物量积累。(3)构件生物量相关性:茎生物量与其它生物量之间存在极显著的相关性(P0.01),相关系数达到了0.940以上;其中茎与地上生物量的相关性最大,达到0.993。根生物量与总物量的相关系数最大,与株高的相关系数最小,分别为0.971和0.718。株高与茎的相关性最大,达到了0.929。地上和总生物量之间的相关性达到了100%。(4)抗性生理:遮阴对抗氧化酶活性、伤害性物质有极显著影响(P0.01)。POD、CAT、SOD活性在35%遮阴下达到最大,随遮阴度继续加重,活性显著降低。MDA和H2O2含量随遮阴度增加逐渐上升,CK和35%遮阴下含量差异不明显,70%遮阴下显著增加了其含量。重度遮阴加重了甘肃马先蒿膜脂过氧化程度,不利于其生长。遮阴对抗性物质、次生代谢产物有极显著影响(P0.01)。T-AOC、OPC、TP、SP含量均在35%遮阴下达到最大值,随遮阴度继续加重,含量显著降低。花色苷和类黄酮含量随遮阴度的增加持续下降,CK下含量最高,70%遮阴下最小。轻度遮阴有利于抗性物质和代谢产物的积累,提高植物抗性。(6)光合色素:遮阴对光合色素含量均有极显著影响(P0.01)。Chla、Chlb及Chl(a+b)的值随遮阴度的增加显著上升,35%遮阴度下值最大,CK下值最小。Car含量随遮阴度增加呈先增后减趋势,70%遮阴下值最小。Chl(a/b)的含量随遮阴度的增加呈先降后升趋势,CK下达到最大值,35%遮阴下值最小。表明适度遮阴有助于甘肃马先蒿光合色素的累积,提高光合效率。(7)光合参数:遮阴对气孔交换参数及光合参数均有极显著影响(P0.01)。Pn、Gs、Tr随遮阴度增加而逐渐下降,CK下达到最大值。Ci则随遮阴度增加逐渐增加,70%遮阴下值最高。甘肃马先蒿Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci随光合有效辐射的增加变化趋势基本一致,其中Pn、Gs、Tr均随光照辐射的增加而增加,Ci浓度则一直降低。甘肃马先蒿Pmax、LSP、LCP、Rd等均随遮阴度的增加呈下降趋势,CK下达到最大值,70%遮阴下最小。甘肃马先蒿LSP值较大、LCP值较小,表明其对光适应能力较强。CK及轻度遮阴下有利于甘肃马先蒿光合作用,提高其光能利用率。综上所述,甘肃马先蒿对光照适应能力较强,高辐射和低辐射下均可开花。35%遮阴下,野生甘肃马先蒿的生长特性、生理抗性及光合特性指标较高,表现出一定的耐阴性和抗性,适合引种驯化。因此,人工引种栽培时要合理调控光照强度,避免生长环境过度荫蔽,以期增加花数与增大花轴,充分发挥其观赏价值。
[Abstract]:In view of the fact that there are few varieties of ornamental flowers, frequent diseases and insect pests, decline in resistance, and ornamental decline, relying on the rich germplasm resources of wild flowers in the Western Sichuan Plateau, the wild flowers with good resistance and good ornamentals are used to serve the sustainable development of landscaping. The paper is a wild Gansu Ma Xianhao (Pedicularis Kan). Suensis) for the test material, 3 (CK, 35%, 70%) shade gradient was set up with control test design, and the component traits, biomass distribution and morphologic plasticity in Gansu under shade stress were studied. The stress response of antioxidant enzymes, resistance, photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic parameters to shaded habitats in Gansu was analyzed, and they were revealed in different Guang Zhaohuan. The subsistence strategy and growth characteristics provided a basis for the introduction and taming of wild ornamental flowers from high radiation areas and their development and utilization. The main results are as follows: (1) component morphology: shade has a significant influence on the leaf, stem and root of Gansu. The leaf traits and stem traits reach the maximum value under 35% shading and follow the shade degree. The stem character and leaf character showed a downward trend, and the number of roots, root length and rhizome diameter decreased gradually with the increase of shade. The flower traits were least affected by shade, only the length of the flower axis and the number of flowers had significant influence. (2) the biomass and distribution ratio: shade had a very significant effect on biomass and biomass allocation ratio (P0.01 The effect of shading on the aboveground biomass was greater than that of the underground biomass. With the increase of shade, the biomass of stem, leaf, flower axis and flower fruit decreased, and the root biomass decreased with the increase of shade, and reached the maximum value under 35% shading. Under shade stress, the ratio of root biomass distribution and the ratio of root cap to shade under shade stress. The increase gradually reduced, the largest under CK. Leaf, shaft, flower and fruit biomass allocation ratio is the largest under 35% shade, 70% shade under the lowest, mild shade is beneficial to the accumulation of aboveground biomass. (3) biomass correlation: stem biomass and other biomass between the extremely significant correlation (P0.01), the correlation coefficient reached more than 0.940; among them, stem and ground The correlation coefficient of aboveground biomass is the largest, the correlation coefficient of 0.993. root biomass and total biomass is the largest, and the correlation coefficient with plant height is the smallest. The correlation between 0.971 and 0.718. plant height is the greatest, and the correlation between 0.929. and total biomass reaches 100%. (4) resistance physiology: shading antioxidant enzyme activity, nociceptive substance P0.01.POD, CAT, SOD activity reached the maximum under 35% shade, with the shade degree continued to increase, the activity significantly decreased.MDA and H2O2 content increased with the shade degree, CK and 35% shade content difference was not obvious, 70% shade under significantly increased its content. Severe shading aggravated the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation in Gansu. It was not conducive to its growth. The secondary metabolites were significantly affected (P0.01).T-AOC, OPC, TP, and SP reached the maximum value under 35% shading. The content of anthocyanins and flavonoids continued to decrease with the increase of shade. The content of anthocyanins and flavonoids continued to decrease with the shade degree, the highest in CK, the smallest under the shade of 70%. It is beneficial to the accumulation of resistant substances and metabolites and improve plant resistance. (6) photosynthetic pigment: shade has a very significant effect on the content of photosynthetic pigments (P0.01).Chla, Chlb and Chl (a+b) increases with the increase of shade degree, the value of 35% shade is the largest, and the minimum.Car content of CK below the shade degree increases first and then decreases, and the value of 70% shading below the lower value. The minimum.Chl (a/b) content decreases first and then rises with the increase of shade, reaching the maximum value under CK and the minimum under 35% shade. It shows that moderate shade helps the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and the photosynthetic efficiency in Gansu. (7) the photosynthetic parameters: shade has a very significant effect on the stomatal exchange parameters and photosynthetic parameters (P0.01).Pn, Gs, Tr with shade. When the degree of CK is increased, the maximum value.Ci increases with the shade degree, and the value of the 70% shading is the highest. The increasing trend of Pn, Gs, Tr, Ci with the increase of photosynthetic effective radiation is basically the same, in which Pn, Gs, Tr all increase with the increase of light radiation, and the Ci concentration has been reduced. The Pmax, LSP, LSP, and so on in Gansu The increase of shade degree is decreasing, reaching the maximum under CK, the smallest under 70% shade. The LSP value of Gansu horse is larger and the value of LCP is small. It indicates that the light adaptation ability is strong.CK and the light shade is beneficial to the photosynthesis of the horse, and the light energy utilization rate is improved. In summary, the light adaptation ability of Gansu Ma Shihao is strong, high radiation and high radiation. Under low radiation, under the shade of.35%, the growth characteristics, physiological resistance and photosynthetic characteristics of the wild Gansu were high, which showed a certain resistance and resistance, suitable for introduction and domestication. Therefore, the artificial introduction and cultivation should regulate the light intensity and avoid overshadow of the growth ring, in order to increase the number of flowers and increase the flower axis. Give full play to its ornamental value.
【学位授予单位】：西华师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S682.19

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