棉蚜对枸杞寄主的适应性研究
发布时间：2018-08-04 12:48
【摘要】：棉蚜是一种广泛分布的多食性害虫,并具有多种寄主生物型。近年枸杞作为温性荒漠区适宜栽培的药用经济作物,在西北地区广泛种植,然而棉蚜严重危害枸杞寄主植物,造成枸杞产量与质量下降。在国内棉蚜已明确对黄瓜棉花寄主喜好,被确定为寄主生物型,例如黄瓜型、棉花型、石榴型。那么,棉蚜对枸杞寄主的适应性如何呢?研究采用形态学测定、寄主转接试验、微卫星分子标记技术等一系列方法,从微观水平至宏观水平,研究枸杞寄主上棉蚜的形态指标、生命表参数、遗传结构等方面同黄瓜型、棉花型棉蚜的差异,以期探讨棉蚜是否形成了新的寄主生物型。研究结果如下:1形态测量结果,经典则分析结果可知,不同寄主上的棉蚜在形态特征上存在明显差异,可以划分为枸杞棉蚜、黄瓜棉蚜和棉花棉蚜三大类群。诺木洪枸杞棉蚜头宽指标大于新疆精河枸杞棉蚜,口针小于新疆精河枸杞棉蚜。2不同寄主棉蚜种群生命表研究结果,发现发育历期除了L2-L3龄期,枸杞棉蚜各虫态的发育历期均大于黄瓜和棉花寄主上的棉蚜。说明枸杞棉蚜若虫期发育较黄瓜、棉花缓慢。枸杞棉蚜生命表参数值显著低于黄瓜棉蚜生命表参数值,与棉花棉蚜生命表参数差异不明显。青海诺木洪枸杞棉蚜种群内禀增长率显著低于新疆精河种群。3寄主转接试验结果表明,枸杞、黄瓜、棉花棉蚜不能互相转接,但都能够利用马铃薯、豇豆和西葫芦,而且枸杞棉蚜对马铃薯的适应性比黄瓜、棉花棉蚜更强;而黄瓜棉蚜对西葫芦的利用能力比枸杞、棉花棉蚜强;棉花棉蚜对豇豆的适应性较枸杞、黄瓜棉蚜强。4不同寄主、地理区中枸杞棉蚜种群的遗传分化存在一定的差异。枸杞能够单独的聚类为一个分支,棉花黄瓜聚类到另一个分支。青海的所有采样点能从19个枸杞棉蚜种群中单独聚为一支,剩余来自宁夏、甘肃、新疆的枸杞棉蚜种群聚为一支。5从形态测量中,典则分析能够显著有效的将枸杞棉蚜从黄瓜型棉花型棉蚜区分开;从寄主转换中,得出枸杞棉蚜不能成功利用黄瓜与棉花寄主,黄瓜型棉花型棉蚜也得出一致结果;从遗传结构聚类分析中,看出枸杞棉蚜单独聚为一类。综合这3个方面的研究结果,明确了棉蚜对枸杞寄主具有了适应性特征,枸杞寄主上的棉蚜已经形成一种新的寄主生物型,即枸杞生物型。
[Abstract]:APHIS gossypii is a widely distributed polyeating pest, and has a variety of host biological types. In recent years, Lycium barbarum, as a suitable economic crop for cultivation in temperate desert areas, is widely planted in northwest China. However, cotton aphid seriously harms the host plants of Lycium barbarum, resulting in the decrease of yield and quality of Lycium barbarum. Cotton aphid has been identified as host biological type, such as cucumber type, cotton type and pomegranate type. So what is the adaptability of cotton aphid to the host of Lycium barbarum? A series of methods, such as morphological determination, host transfer test and microsatellite molecular marker technique, were used to study the morphological index, life surface parameters and genetic structure of cotton aphid on Lycium barbarum host from micro level to macro level. The difference between cotton aphids and cotton aphids in order to find out whether the cotton aphids have formed new host biotypes. The results are as follows: 1. The results of classical analysis show that there are obvious differences in morphological characteristics of cotton aphids on different hosts, which can be divided into three groups: Lycium barbarum cotton aphid, cucumber cotton aphid and cotton aphid. The index of head width of Lycium barbarum cotton aphid was larger than that of Xinjiang Jinghe medlar cotton aphid, and the oral needle was smaller than that of Xinjiang Jinghe Lycium barbarum cotton aphid. The developmental periods of cotton aphids of Lycium barbarum were higher than that of cotton aphids on cucumber and cotton hosts. The results showed that the nymphal development of Lycium barbarum cotton aphid was slower than that of cucumber. The life surface parameters of Lycium barbarum cotton aphid was significantly lower than that of cucumber aphid, but there was no significant difference between Lycium barbarum and cotton aphid. The intrinsic growth rate of Lycium barbarum cotton aphid in Qinghai was significantly lower than that in Jinhe population of Xinjiang. The results showed that Lycium barbarum, cucumber and cotton aphid could not be transferred to each other, but could use potato, cowpea and zucchini. The adaptability of cotton aphid to potato was stronger than that of cucumber and cotton aphid, and the utilization ability of cucumber cotton aphid was stronger than that of Lycium barbarum and cotton aphid, and the adaptability of cotton aphid to cowpea was stronger than that of Lycium barbarum and cotton aphid of cucumber. There are some differences in genetic differentiation of Lycium barbarum cotton aphid population in geographical area. Lycium barbarum can be clustered separately into one branch and cotton cucumber into another branch. All the sampling sites in Qinghai can be clustered into one branch from 19 Chinese wolfberry cotton aphid populations, and the rest from Ningxia, Gansu and Xinjiang can be clustered into a group of 5. 5 aphid species from Ningxia, Gansu and Xinjiang. The canonical analysis can distinguish Lycium barbarum cotton aphids from cucumber cotton aphids, and from the host transformation, it can be concluded that Lycium barbarum cotton aphids can not use cucumber and cotton hosts successfully, and cucumber cotton aphid can also get consistent results. From the cluster analysis of genetic structure, it was found that the cotton aphid of Lycium barbarum was a single group. According to the results of these three aspects, it is clear that the cotton aphid has adaptability to Lycium barbarum, and the cotton aphid on the host of Lycium barbarum has formed a new host biological type, I. e., Lycium barbarum biotype.
【学位授予单位】：青海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S435.671
[Abstract]:APHIS gossypii is a widely distributed polyeating pest, and has a variety of host biological types. In recent years, Lycium barbarum, as a suitable economic crop for cultivation in temperate desert areas, is widely planted in northwest China. However, cotton aphid seriously harms the host plants of Lycium barbarum, resulting in the decrease of yield and quality of Lycium barbarum. Cotton aphid has been identified as host biological type, such as cucumber type, cotton type and pomegranate type. So what is the adaptability of cotton aphid to the host of Lycium barbarum? A series of methods, such as morphological determination, host transfer test and microsatellite molecular marker technique, were used to study the morphological index, life surface parameters and genetic structure of cotton aphid on Lycium barbarum host from micro level to macro level. The difference between cotton aphids and cotton aphids in order to find out whether the cotton aphids have formed new host biotypes. The results are as follows: 1. The results of classical analysis show that there are obvious differences in morphological characteristics of cotton aphids on different hosts, which can be divided into three groups: Lycium barbarum cotton aphid, cucumber cotton aphid and cotton aphid. The index of head width of Lycium barbarum cotton aphid was larger than that of Xinjiang Jinghe medlar cotton aphid, and the oral needle was smaller than that of Xinjiang Jinghe Lycium barbarum cotton aphid. The developmental periods of cotton aphids of Lycium barbarum were higher than that of cotton aphids on cucumber and cotton hosts. The results showed that the nymphal development of Lycium barbarum cotton aphid was slower than that of cucumber. The life surface parameters of Lycium barbarum cotton aphid was significantly lower than that of cucumber aphid, but there was no significant difference between Lycium barbarum and cotton aphid. The intrinsic growth rate of Lycium barbarum cotton aphid in Qinghai was significantly lower than that in Jinhe population of Xinjiang. The results showed that Lycium barbarum, cucumber and cotton aphid could not be transferred to each other, but could use potato, cowpea and zucchini. The adaptability of cotton aphid to potato was stronger than that of cucumber and cotton aphid, and the utilization ability of cucumber cotton aphid was stronger than that of Lycium barbarum and cotton aphid, and the adaptability of cotton aphid to cowpea was stronger than that of Lycium barbarum and cotton aphid of cucumber. There are some differences in genetic differentiation of Lycium barbarum cotton aphid population in geographical area. Lycium barbarum can be clustered separately into one branch and cotton cucumber into another branch. All the sampling sites in Qinghai can be clustered into one branch from 19 Chinese wolfberry cotton aphid populations, and the rest from Ningxia, Gansu and Xinjiang can be clustered into a group of 5. 5 aphid species from Ningxia, Gansu and Xinjiang. The canonical analysis can distinguish Lycium barbarum cotton aphids from cucumber cotton aphids, and from the host transformation, it can be concluded that Lycium barbarum cotton aphids can not use cucumber and cotton hosts successfully, and cucumber cotton aphid can also get consistent results. From the cluster analysis of genetic structure, it was found that the cotton aphid of Lycium barbarum was a single group. According to the results of these three aspects, it is clear that the cotton aphid has adaptability to Lycium barbarum, and the cotton aphid on the host of Lycium barbarum has formed a new host biological type, I. e., Lycium barbarum biotype.
【学位授予单位】：青海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S435.671
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