生长抑制剂与营养液温度对番茄生长发育的影响

发布时间：2018-08-06 21:54

【摘要】：为了培育出健壮的番茄幼苗,本论文研究了夏季添加不同植物生长抑制剂和冬季进行营养液增温对番茄株高、茎粗、叶片数、根系活力、根冠比和壮苗指数等的影响,并研究了冬季营养液增温对全生育期番茄株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶绿素含量、根系活力、果实品质及水分利用率等的影响。经过试验得到以下结论:1.本试验采用在营养液中添加一定量的多效唑、矮壮素和缩节胺来控制植株的长势。结果表明:在营养液中分别添加1mg/kg、2mg/kg多效唑,20mg/kg、25mg/kg矮壮素,10mg/kg、20mg/kg缩节胺均能有效控制植株的长势;其中在营养液中添加20mg/kg、25mg/kg矮壮素,10mg/kg、20mg/kg缩节胺的壮苗指数为0.0284、0.0325、0.0511和0.0365,分别比对照增加9.2%、25%、96.5%和40.4%,添加1mg/kg、2mg/kg多效唑的植株壮苗指数小于空白处理;说明在营养液中添加20mg/kg、25mg/kg矮壮素,10mg/kg、20mg/kg缩节胺能有效控制植株徒长,提高壮苗指数;三种生长抑制剂对徒长抑制强度和作用时间也不同,药效时间多效唑矮壮素缩节胺。在夏季使用无基质营养液育苗系统育苗,可在营养液中添加10mg/kg缩节胺和25mg/kg矮壮素。2.冬季进行营养液加温能提高植株的长势,经过加温处理的植株的根冠比随着营养液温度的升高而升高,植株的根系活力呈下降趋势,冬季进行营养液增温显著增大了番茄叶片的最大叶面积,还提高了番茄叶片光和色素的含量。从根冠比和壮苗指数上看,本试验中T2(白天18℃,夜间14℃)处理在冬季育苗时是较好的温度设置,根冠比增加了46.4%,壮苗指数增加了31.3%。3.对营养液进行加温之后,植株的株高、茎粗和叶片数的长势均显著大于室温处理。加温处理的根系活力显著小于室温处理,下降了21.75%。加温处理的植株的叶绿素a含量得到显著提高,叶绿素a/b也显著大于室温处理,但是光合色素总量与室温处理差异不显著。加温处理的单株产量显著高于室温处理增加了29.28%,果实品质也得到了显著的提高,可溶性糖、抗坏血酸、可溶性固形物和糖酸比分别增加了15.46%、16.04%、11.45%和27.07%,可滴定酸下降了12.28%。加温处理的单株用水量高于室温处理,但水分利用率也显著提高了25.33%。冬季进行营养液加温能显著提高单株产量、果实品质和水分利用率。
[Abstract]:In order to cultivate strong tomato seedlings, the effects of different plant growth inhibitors in summer and nutrient solution warming in winter on plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, root activity, root-shoot ratio and seedling strength index were studied. The effects of winter nutrient solution warming on plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, chlorophyll content, root activity, fruit quality and water use efficiency were studied. After the experiment, the following conclusion: 1. The plant growth was controlled by adding a certain amount of paclobutrazol, dwarfing hormone and pyramidine to the nutrient solution. The results showed that adding 1 mg / kg 2 mg / kg paclobutrazol 20 mg / kg 25 mg / kg Dwarf to the nutrient solution could effectively control plant growth. Among them, the seedling health index of 20 mg / kg 25 mg / kg Dwarf / kg Dwarf 10 mg 路kg ~ (-1) N ~ (20) mg 路kg ~ (-1) amine was 0.0284 ~ 0.0325 ~ 0.0511 and 0.0365, respectively, which increased by 9.22% and 40.4% compared with the control, respectively, and the seedling strength index of the plant added with 1 mg / kg ~ (-2) mg / kg paclobutrazol was lower than that of the blank treatment. The results showed that the addition of 20 mg 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (25 mg 路kg ~ (-1) Dwarf to the nutrient solution could effectively control the plant growth and increase the seedling index, and the inhibition intensity and action time of the three growth inhibitors were also different, and the effective time was also different. In summer, 10mg/kg node amine and 25mg/kg dwarf. 2 can be added to the nutrient solution for seedling raising system with no substrate nutrient solution. The root to shoot ratio of the plants increased with the increase of the temperature of nutrient solution, and the root activity of the plants decreased with the increase of the temperature of nutrient solution. The maximum leaf area of tomato leaves and the content of light and pigment in tomato leaves were significantly increased by increasing the temperature of nutrient solution in winter. In this experiment, T2 (daytime 18 鈩，

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