中国甜柿新种质创制及其经济性状评价初探

发布时间：2018-08-06 18:30

【摘要】：中国甜柿‘鄂柿1号’及完全雄株是我国中部大别山原产特色柿种质,其携带与中国甜柿自然脱涩性状紧密连锁的RO2标记,但作为完全甜柿育种亲本的应用潜力尚未见报道。本研究以‘鄂柿1号’或雄株2号作为完全甜柿育种亲本进行人工杂交授粉,利用中国甜柿快速遗传改良技术体系,获得仅开雌花且携带RO2标记的F_1代个体,并对其杂交F_1单株果实进行甜涩性状鉴定。主要研究结果如下:(1)雄株2号(2015和2016年)和‘鄂柿1号’(2015年)花粉萌发率均不超过10%,且三个杂交组合(‘恭城水柿’×雄株2号、‘早秋’×‘鄂柿1号’和‘太秋’×‘鄂柿1号’)均表现亲和,其中‘早秋’×‘鄂柿1号’亲和性更高。三个杂交组合共授粉花朵数2022,得胚数为577,得到F_1代胚培试管苗共计430株,平均成苗率约74.5%。(2)利用RO2和DlSx-AF4S标记对F_1代胚培试管苗进行甜涩性状及花性的早期鉴定,筛选到87份带RO2标记和不带DlSx-AF4S标记的目标个体,占F_1代群体总数的23.5%。(3)共476株F_1代胚培试管苗嫩枝高接在成年君迁子上,成活313株,平均成活率为65.8%,‘早秋’×‘鄂柿1号’杂交F_1代胚培试管苗嫁接成活率最高,可高达80.4%。(4)以常见中国甜柿,日本甜柿和非完全甜柿为对照,通过测定果实可溶性单宁和不溶性单宁含量、单宁细胞面积大小等指标对杂交后代单株甜涩性状进行鉴定,确认杂交F_1代单株H8-2(‘华柿1号’×雄株8号)、H9-1(‘鄂柿1号’×雄株1号)和H13-1(‘鄂柿1号’×‘太秋’)为完全甜柿,且携带RO2标记,其余21个杂交单株为非完全甜柿。综上所述,大别山原产的中国甜柿‘鄂柿1号’及雄株8号带有控制自然脱涩性状的显性基因CPCNA,因此在完全甜柿遗传改良中具有作为育种亲本的应用潜力,利用‘鄂柿1号’或完全雄株为育种亲本有望获得一批仅开雌花的中国甜柿新种质。
[Abstract]:The Chinese sweet persimmon'E Persimmon 1 'and its complete male plant are native persimmon germplasm of Dabie Mountain in central China. They carry RO2 markers closely linked to the natural deastringness traits of Chinese sweet persimmon, but the application potential as a parent of full sweet persimmon breeding has not been reported. In this study,'E Persimmon 1'or 'Xiongshu 2' were used as breeding parents of sweet persimmon for artificial cross pollination. Using Chinese sweet persimmon rapid genetic improvement technique system, F-1 individuals with only female flower blooming and carrying RO2 markers were obtained. The sweet and astringent characters of single fruit of F _ 1 hybrid were identified. The main results were as follows: (1) the pollen germination rate of Xiongshu 2 (2015 and 2016) and'E Persimmon 1'(2015) was not more than 10%, and three cross combinations ('Gongcheng persimmon' 脳 male 2), 'early autumn' 脳'E Persimmon 1 'and' Taiqiu'脳'E Persimmon 1') showed affinity, and 'early autumn' 脳'E Persimmon 1 'had higher affinity. The total number of pollinated flowers was 2022, and the number of embryos was 577. A total of 430 F1-generation embryo plantlets were obtained, and the average seedling forming rate was about 74.5%. (2) RO2 and DlSx-AF4S markers were used to identify the sweet and astringent characters and flower characteristics of F-1 generation embryo plantlets. 87 target individuals with or without RO2 markers were selected, accounting for 23.5m of the total number of FSCs. (3) A total of 476 F1-generation embryo culture plantlets were planted on adult Junqian seeds, and 313 of them survived. The average survival rate was 65.8% in early autumn 脳'E persimmon No. 1 'hybrid F1 generation. The survival rate was the highest, up to 80.4%. (4) the common Chinese sweet persimmon, Japanese sweet persimmon and non-complete sweet persimmon were used as the control. The sweet and astringent characters of single plant of hybrid progenies were identified by measuring the content of soluble tannin and insoluble tannin, the area of tannin cells and so on. H8-2 (1 脳 male 8) and H13-1 ('E Persimmon 1 脳 male 1') and H13-1 ('E Persimmon 1 脳 Taiqiu') were considered as full sweet persimmon and carrying RO2 markers. The other 21 hybrid plants were non-complete sweet persimmon. In conclusion, the dominant gene CPCNA of Chinese sweet persimmon'E persimmon 1 'and male tree 8 originated from Dabie Mountain have the potential to be used as breeding parents in the genetic improvement of fully sweet persimmon. It is expected to obtain some new germplasm of Chinese sweet persimmon with only female flowers by using'E Persimmon 1'or complete male plant as breeding parent.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S665.2

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