红花尔基樟子松林下外生菌根真菌资源调查及优良菌树组合的筛选

发布时间：2018-08-06 17:40

【摘要】：为了探明红花尔基樟子松林下外生菌根真菌资源及樟子松优良菌树组合,本研究首先在内蒙古大兴安岭红花尔基樟子松林地内进行外生菌根真菌资源的调查;其次,对分离(组织分离法)得到的樟子松林下几个松属的优势菌种在盆栽纯培养条件下和苗圃条件下通过人工接种的方式进行菌根苗合成研究,并在干旱胁迫条件下测定不同菌树组合的生长和生理生化指标,目的是了解乡土外生菌根真菌资源以及筛选出樟子松优良菌树组合,为红花尔基樟子松林的保护与重建提供菌种资源和优良菌根苗。研究结果如下:(1)在红花尔基樟子松林下目前共发现57种大型真菌,隶属于16科26属,其中外生菌根真菌43种,占真菌总数的75.4%。(2)盆栽条件下,将5种外生菌根真菌与2个月龄樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)进行接种,8个月后,在正常水分和干旱胁迫处理条件下,测定樟子松菌根侵染率、生长和生理指标,发现接种处理的各项指标均高于未接种处理,且接种粘盖牛肝菌(Suillus bovinus)在这两种条件下均具有最高的菌根侵染率(80%、71%)、苗高(48mm、47.2mm)、针叶长(104.2mm、102.6mm)、生物量(0.816g/pot、0.924g/pot);此外,干旱胁迫降低了菌根化樟子松的菌根侵染率、苗高、针叶长和地径;增加了生物量的积累。(3)干旱胁迫下,对樟子松SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量进行测定,结果表明接种处理的POD和SOD活性均显著高于未接种处理,而MDA含量显著低于未接种处理,说明外生菌根可以提高幼苗松针POD和SOD活性、降低MDA含量在幼苗体内的积累来增强苗木的抗旱性。(4)干旱胁迫下,所有接种处理的樟子松苗木的萎蔫时间较未接种处理推迟,推迟时间最长的是接种粘盖牛肝菌的樟子松苗木,较对照推迟192.92h;且均能够延长宿主临界致死时间。(5)苗圃条件下,将5种外生菌根真菌与樟子松接种,发现接种处理的菌根侵染率均超过70%;而未接种处理也形成了菌根,但菌根侵染率远远低于各接种处理,较接种处理平均降低56.32%,是由于红花尔基外生菌根真菌较丰富,土壤中存在较多的外生菌根真菌的菌丝体。接种粘盖牛肝菌具有最高的菌根侵染率(84.6%)、苗高(160.8 mm)、针叶长(108.2 mm)、生物量(5.496 g/pot)。菌根形成后幼苗根围土壤pH值显著降低,5个接种处理的土壤pH值均低于未接种处理。(6)选用菌根化樟子松苗进行造林应首先考虑的菌种是粘盖牛肝菌。
[Abstract]:In order to find out the ectomycorrhizal fungi resources of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and the combination of fine fungi of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, the ectomycorrhizal fungi resources were investigated in the forest land of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in Daxinganling, Inner Mongolia, and then the ectomycorrhizal fungi resources were investigated. The root seedling synthesis of several dominant strains of Pinus in Pinus sylvestris forest isolated by tissue separation was studied by artificial inoculation under the condition of pot culture and nursery. Under the condition of drought stress, the growth, physiological and biochemical indexes of different combinations of fungi were determined in order to understand the ectomycorrhizal fungi resources of native soil and to screen out the excellent combinations of fungi of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. For the protection and reconstruction of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest, we can provide strain resources and excellent root seedlings. The results are as follows: (1) A total of 57 species of macrofungi, belonging to 26 genera and 16 families, have been found under the stands of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, including 43 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi, which account for 75.4% of the total number of fungi. (2) under potted conditions, Five species of ectomycorrhizal fungi were inoculated with 2-month old (Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica. After 8 months of inoculation, the infection rate, growth and physiological indexes of P. sylvestris var. mongolica were determined under normal water and drought stress conditions. The results showed that the indexes of inoculation treatment were higher than those of non-inoculation treatment, and the inoculation of Boletus vulgaris (Suillus bovinus) had the highest infection rate of mycorrhizal infection (800.71%), seedling height (48mm ~ 47.2mm), needle length (104.2mm ~ 102.6mm) and biomass (0.816g / r ~ 0.924g / pot) under both conditions. Drought stress decreased mycorrhizal infection rate, seedling height, needle length and basal diameter, and increased biomass accumulation of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica under drought stress. (3) under drought stress, the SOD activity of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica was determined. The results showed that the activities of POD and SOD of inoculation treatment were significantly higher than those of uninoculated treatment, but the content of MDA was significantly lower than that of uninoculated treatment, which indicated that ectomycorrhizal mycorrhizae could increase the activities of POD and SOD in pine needles of seedlings. (4) under drought stress, the wilting time of all inoculated seedlings of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica was delayed than that of uninoculated seedlings, and the longest delay time was the seedlings of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica inoculated with Boletus vulgaris. Compared with the control, the critical lethal time of host was prolonged by 192.92 hours. (5) under nursery conditions, the inoculation of five ectomycorrhizal fungi and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica showed that the mycorrhizal infection rate of inoculation treatment exceeded 70%, and the mycorrhizal infection rate of uninoculated treatment was more than 70%. But the infection rate of mycorrhizal mycorrhizae was much lower than that of each inoculation treatment, which was 56.32 lower than that of inoculation treatment, which was due to the abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi and the existence of more ectomycorrhizal fungi mycelia in soil. The inoculation of Boletus vulgaris had the highest mycorrhizal infection rate (84.6%) and seedling height (160.8 mm), needle length (108.2 mm), biomass (5.496 g/pot). After mycorrhizal formation, the soil pH value of seedling rhizosphere decreased significantly, and the soil pH value of five inoculation treatments was lower than that of uninoculated treatment. (6) the first species to be considered for afforestation was Boletus vulgaris.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S791.253;S718.8

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