我国常见鞘翅目储粮害虫系统发育研究

发布时间：2018-08-11 17:54

【摘要】：近年来,分子生物学的迅速发展和广泛应用,使得鞘翅目系统进化研究方法发生重大的变化,运用现代分子生物学的系统进化研究方法正慢慢地向传统系统进化的研究方法渗入。与传统的依据形态特征的系统研究方法相比,分子生物学的研究方法受到环境因素的影响比较小,因此分子生物的方法更能反映出生命体在其进化过程中的本质,其研究得到的结果也更加可靠与准确。本文就目前国内常见的20种鞘翅目储粮害虫利用现代分子生物学技术进行系统进化研究。本研究以线粒体DNA上的COⅠ基因序列片段作为分子标记,以我国常见的鞘翅目储粮害虫为研究对象,而开展的有关我国常见鞘翅目储粮害虫系统发育的研究。作为研究对象,常见的鞘翅目储粮害虫试虫样本为20种取自于对河北、四川、广西、云南、江西、浙江、安徽、湖北、海南等地采样得到储粮害虫样本。这20种鞘翅目储粮害虫共248个样本,经形态学鉴定分属鞘翅目的10个科。通过对测得的248个个体序列人工校对,多重序列比对、剪切后,取长度为647bp的COⅠ基因序列进行分析,采用MEGA5.0软件分别构建了NJ、MP、ML三种系统发育树。这三种建树方法的构建的系统树结构大体一致,细节处稍有不同。其中与传统形态学方法最吻合的是ML系统发育树,并最终选定ML系统发育树为三种方法中的最合适的系统发育树。我国常见鞘翅目储粮害虫系统发育树结构分析如下:拟步甲科是该系统树上分化最早的科,是分化最原始的一个科,同属拟步甲科的拟谷盗属(赤拟谷盗、杂拟谷盗)和粉盗属(亚扁粉盗、姬粉盗)分布在紧邻的两大分支上。扁甲总科下的扁谷盗科和露尾甲科聚为一支并和长蠹总科、豆象科、象甲科和扁谷盗科7个科11个种合成的一支聚为一支,这其中扁谷盗科是分化较一支;象甲科和谷盗科聚的一支从次之;而后长蠹科与皮蠹科合成的一个小分支和窃蠹科与豆象科、谷盗科合成的一个小分支合为一支,从而形成了3大分支格局。在系统树的细节进行探究可以看出:一、同属拟步甲科的拟谷盗属(赤拟谷盗、杂拟谷盗)与粉盗属(姬粉盗也、亚扁粉盗)位于不同分支;二、长蠹科的谷蠹分化早于皮蠹科(花斑皮蠹、黑毛皮蠹),同时,同属皮蠹科的花斑皮蠹与黑毛皮蠹在亲缘关系上要更近一些;三、属谷盗科的暹罗谷盗与属豆象科的绿豆象聚为一支并与窃蠹科(烟草甲、药材甲)聚为同一支;四、在分布着扁甲总科的一支中,不同种的亲缘关系的远近差异较大,最终,结合不同方法构建的系统发育树,都证实了在该分支上,露尾甲科与扁谷盗科的亲缘关系相近的现象。为验证系统发育树构建的准确与可靠性,提取20种鞘翅目储粮害虫248个个体单倍型,不同种类害虫单倍型丰富度差异较大,共计44条单倍型序列,其中主要为害种类单倍型多样性更大。采用同样的建树方法,以这44条单倍型序列对我国常见鞘翅目储粮害虫系统发育树进行构建,构建了我国常见鞘翅目储粮害虫单倍型分子进化树,经验证,此单倍型分子进化树与以248序列信息构建的系统树,整体结构上是一致的,而后进一步地揭示我国常见鞘翅目主要为害种类的系统发育关系,分别对害虫发生较严重、单倍型丰富的锈赤扁谷盗、谷蠹、锯谷盗、长角扁谷盗进行单倍型网络进化分析。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development and wide application of molecular biology in recent years, great changes have taken place in the methods of systematic evolution of Coleoptera. The methods of systematic evolution of modern molecular biology are gradually infiltrating into the traditional methods of systematic evolution. The research methods are less affected by environmental factors, so molecular biological methods can better reflect the nature of organisms in their evolution process, and the results obtained are more reliable and accurate. The aim of this study was to study the phylogenetic characteristics of common Coleoptera stored-grain pests in China by using mitochondrial DNA sequence fragments of CO I gene as molecular markers. Samples of stored-grain insects were collected from western Yunnan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei and Hainan provinces. 248 samples of these 20 Coleoptera stored-grain insects were identified as belonging to 10 families of Coleoptera by morphological analysis. The sequences of 248 individuals were checked artificially, multiple alignment was performed, and 647 BP COI gene sequences were cut and analyzed. Three phylogenetic trees, NJ, MP and ML, are constructed by MEGA5.0 software. The three methods are similar in structure and slightly different in details. The phylogenetic tree structure of the common Coleoptera stored grain insects was analyzed as follows: Carabidae is the earliest differentiated family in this system, and it is the most primitive one. The same family belongs to Carabidae, which belongs to Carabidae, Rhododendron, Rhododendron, and Rhododendron distributed in two adjacent branches. Family Leguminosae, Leguminosae, Eleven Species of 7 Families and 7 Families of Ranunculaceae are clustered into one branch, of which Ranunculaceae is the more differentiated branch; Ranunculaceae and Ranunculaceae are the second branch; Ranunculaceae and Ranunculaceae are a small branch of Ranunculaceae and Ranunculaceae, and Ranunculaceae are combined with Leguminosae and Ranunculaceae. The details of the phylogenetic tree show that: 1. the genus Stellera and the genus Stellera are located in different branches; 2. the Stellera of the family Stelleridae differentiate earlier than the Stelleridae. At the same time, the same genus Dendrocalamus furciferae and Dendrocalamus furciferae in the genetic relationship is closer; 3, Valley theft of Valley theft and Leguminosae of mung bean elephant clustered into one branch and with the larceny family (tobacco beetle, medicinal materials A) clustered in the same branch; 4, in a branch of the total family Ranunculaceae, the relationship between the different species is relatively different. In order to verify the accuracy and reliability of phylogenetic tree construction, 248 individual haplotypes of 20 Coleoptera stored grain insects were extracted, and the haplotype richness of different species of insects varied greatly. There are 44 haplotype sequences, among which the haplotype diversity of the main pest species is greater. By using the same tree-building method, the 44 haplotype sequences were used to construct the phylogenetic tree of common Coleoptera stored-grain pests in China, and the haplotype phylogenetic tree of common Coleoptera stored-grain pests in China was constructed. The phylogenetic relationships among the main pest species of Coleoptera in China were further revealed. The haplotype network evolution analysis was carried out for the serious occurrence of pests, the abundant haplotypes of the rusty red Valley robber, the bark beetle, the saw Valley robber and the long horn Valley robber.
【学位授予单位】：河南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S379.5

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