不同储存方法对鱼粉的影响及养殖效果评价
发布时间：2018-08-14 10:39
【摘要】：本实验研究不同储存方法对鱼粉的影响,并以凡纳滨对虾和斜带石斑鱼为研究对象进行养殖效果评价。结果如下:1.研究不同储存方法(温度、抗氧化剂添加量和储存时间)对鱼粉品质的影响。采用双因素实验设计,鱼粉储存时间为45 d、90 d和135 d,抗氧化剂(乙氧基喹啉)水平为0、300、800 mg/kg,分别储存在4oC和室温条件下,研究鱼粉的挥发性盐基氮、组胺、酸价和硫代巴比妥酸值的变化规律。结果表明:随储存时间延长,鱼粉挥发性盐基氮、酸价和硫代巴比妥酸值呈现上升的趋势;相同储存时间下4oC储存鱼粉酸价和硫代巴比妥酸值低于室温储存鱼粉;组胺随储存时间的延长出现先上升后下降的趋势;添加抗氧化剂有利于鱼粉品质的保持。对鱼粉品质进行评价时需多项指标综合评定。2.研究不同储存方法鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾的生长和生理效应的影响。采用双因素实验设计,鱼粉储存时间分别为45 d、90 d和135 d,抗氧化剂水平为0、300、800 mg/kg,分别储存在4oC和室温条件下,新鲜鱼粉为对照组,配制成19种饲料,饲喂初重为(0.40±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾8 W。挑选健康、规格均匀的幼虾2 280尾随机分为19个实验组,每个实验组3个重复,每一个重复放40尾虾。结果表明:在4oC储存温度下鱼粉储存时间及抗氧化剂水平对特定生长率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率均存在交互作用(P0.05),储存时间45 d时0 mg/kg组特定生长率和蛋白质效率最高,饲料系数最低;储存时间135 d时800 mg/kg组饲料系数最低,蛋白质效率最高。在室温储存条件下鱼粉储存时间对特定生长率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率有显著影响(P0.05),45 d组具有最高的特定生长率、蛋白质效率和最低的饲料系数。鱼粉储存时间、抗氧化剂水平对肝胰腺中总抗氧化能力及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力均存在显著影响(P0.05)。鱼粉储存时间、抗氧化剂水平以及两者之间的交互作用对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中胰蛋白酶活力和TRS mRNA表达量均有显著性影响(P0.05),在本实验的条件下,4oC储存温度下鱼粉储存较短时间时过高的抗氧化剂添加水平不利于凡纳滨对虾的生长,室温储存条件下储存时间为影响凡纳滨对虾养殖效果的首要因素;凡纳滨对虾可通过提高抗氧化机能以抵御新鲜度较差的鱼粉危害。3.研究不同储存方法鱼粉对斜带石斑鱼的生长和生理效应的影响。采用双因素实验设计,鱼粉储存时间分别为45 d、90 d和135 d,抗氧化剂水平为0、300、800mg/kg,分别储存在4oC和室温条件下,新鲜鱼粉为对照组,配制成19种饲料,饲喂初重为(18.75±0.05)g的斜带石斑鱼幼鱼8 W。挑选健康、体格均匀的幼鱼1 596尾随机分为19个实验组,每个实验组3个重复,每一个重复放28尾鱼。结果表明:鱼粉储存时间、抗氧化剂水平及两者之间交互作用对成活率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率均无显著影响(P0.05)。室温条件下储存时间对增重率和特定生长率有显著影响(P0.05),储存时间45 d组增重率和特定生长率显著高于135 d组(P0.05)。4oC储存温度下鱼粉储存时间及抗氧化剂水平对肥满度、脏体比和肝体比均有显著影响(P0.05)。鱼粉储存时间、抗氧化剂水平及二者交互作用对肝脏中总抗氧化能力及超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力均存在显著影响(P0.05)。鱼粉储存时间、抗氧化剂水平以及两者之间的交互作用对斜带石斑鱼肝脏中胰蛋白酶活力和TRS mRNA表达量均有显著性影响(P0.05)。在本实验的条件下,室温储存条件下储存时间为影响斜带石斑鱼养殖效果的首要因素;斜带石斑鱼可通过提高抗氧化机能以抵御新鲜度较差的鱼粉危害。
[Abstract]:The effects of different storage methods on fish meal quality were studied, and the culture effects of Penaeus vannamei and Grouper obliquus were evaluated. The results were as follows: 1. The effects of different storage methods (temperature, antioxidant dosage and storage time) on the quality of fish meal were studied. The changes of volatile base nitrogen, histamine, acid value and thiobarbituric acid value of fish meal were studied under the condition of 0,300,800 mg/kg of antioxidant (ethoxyquinoline) and room temperature, respectively. The acid value and thiobarbituric acid value of 4oC stored fish meal were lower than those of room temperature stored fish meal at the same storage time. Histamine increased first and then decreased with the storage time prolonging. Adding antioxidants was beneficial to the quality of fish meal. The growth and physiological effects of Penaeus vannamei were studied in a two-factor experimental design. The storage time of fish meal was 45 days, 90 days and 135 days, the antioxidant level was 0,300,800 mg/kg, and the fresh fish meal was stored at 4oC and room temperature, respectively, as the control group. 19 kinds of feeds were prepared and fed to the juvenile Penaeus vannamei shrimp with the initial weight of (0.40+0.02) g for 8 W. 2 280 healthy and uniform shrimps were randomly divided into 19 experimental groups with 3 replicates in each group and 40 shrimps in each replicate. The specific growth rate and protein efficiency were the highest in group A, and the feed coefficient was the lowest in group B. The feed coefficient and protein efficiency were the lowest in group B at 135 D and the highest in group B at 800 mg/kg. Fish meal storage time, antioxidant levels had significant effects on total antioxidant capacity and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase (P 0.05). Fish meal storage time, antioxidant levels and interaction between them had significant effects on liver and pancreas of Penaeus vannamei. Trypsin activity and TRS mRNA expression in glands were significantly affected (P 0.05). Under the condition of this experiment, the high antioxidant level of fish meal stored at 4oC for a short time was not conducive to the growth of Penaeus vannamei. Storage time at room temperature was the primary factor affecting the culture effect of Penaeus vannamei. Penaeus nabinensis can resist the damage of fish meal with poor freshness by improving its antioxidant capacity. 3. The effects of different storage methods of fish meal on the growth and physiological effects of grouper were studied. Under warm conditions, 19 kinds of diets were prepared with fresh fish meal as the control group and fed 8 W juvenile grouper with the initial weight of 18.75 (+0.05) G. There was no significant effect on survival rate, feed coefficient and protein efficiency (P 0.05). Storage time at room temperature had significant effect on weight gain and specific growth rate (P 0.05). The weight gain rate and specific growth rate of 45 D storage group were significantly higher than those of 135 D storage group (P 0.05). Fish meal storage time, antioxidant levels and their interaction had significant effects on total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the liver (P 0.05). Fish meal storage time, antioxidant levels and both had significant effects (P 0.05). Interaction between the two groups had significant effects on the activity of trypsin and the expression of TRS mRNA in the liver of grouper (P 0.05). The harm of fish meal.
【学位授予单位】：广东海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S963
[Abstract]:The effects of different storage methods on fish meal quality were studied, and the culture effects of Penaeus vannamei and Grouper obliquus were evaluated. The results were as follows: 1. The effects of different storage methods (temperature, antioxidant dosage and storage time) on the quality of fish meal were studied. The changes of volatile base nitrogen, histamine, acid value and thiobarbituric acid value of fish meal were studied under the condition of 0,300,800 mg/kg of antioxidant (ethoxyquinoline) and room temperature, respectively. The acid value and thiobarbituric acid value of 4oC stored fish meal were lower than those of room temperature stored fish meal at the same storage time. Histamine increased first and then decreased with the storage time prolonging. Adding antioxidants was beneficial to the quality of fish meal. The growth and physiological effects of Penaeus vannamei were studied in a two-factor experimental design. The storage time of fish meal was 45 days, 90 days and 135 days, the antioxidant level was 0,300,800 mg/kg, and the fresh fish meal was stored at 4oC and room temperature, respectively, as the control group. 19 kinds of feeds were prepared and fed to the juvenile Penaeus vannamei shrimp with the initial weight of (0.40+0.02) g for 8 W. 2 280 healthy and uniform shrimps were randomly divided into 19 experimental groups with 3 replicates in each group and 40 shrimps in each replicate. The specific growth rate and protein efficiency were the highest in group A, and the feed coefficient was the lowest in group B. The feed coefficient and protein efficiency were the lowest in group B at 135 D and the highest in group B at 800 mg/kg. Fish meal storage time, antioxidant levels had significant effects on total antioxidant capacity and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase (P 0.05). Fish meal storage time, antioxidant levels and interaction between them had significant effects on liver and pancreas of Penaeus vannamei. Trypsin activity and TRS mRNA expression in glands were significantly affected (P 0.05). Under the condition of this experiment, the high antioxidant level of fish meal stored at 4oC for a short time was not conducive to the growth of Penaeus vannamei. Storage time at room temperature was the primary factor affecting the culture effect of Penaeus vannamei. Penaeus nabinensis can resist the damage of fish meal with poor freshness by improving its antioxidant capacity. 3. The effects of different storage methods of fish meal on the growth and physiological effects of grouper were studied. Under warm conditions, 19 kinds of diets were prepared with fresh fish meal as the control group and fed 8 W juvenile grouper with the initial weight of 18.75 (+0.05) G. There was no significant effect on survival rate, feed coefficient and protein efficiency (P 0.05). Storage time at room temperature had significant effect on weight gain and specific growth rate (P 0.05). The weight gain rate and specific growth rate of 45 D storage group were significantly higher than those of 135 D storage group (P 0.05). Fish meal storage time, antioxidant levels and their interaction had significant effects on total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the liver (P 0.05). Fish meal storage time, antioxidant levels and both had significant effects (P 0.05). Interaction between the two groups had significant effects on the activity of trypsin and the expression of TRS mRNA in the liver of grouper (P 0.05). The harm of fish meal.
【学位授予单位】：广东海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S963
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