勺式水稻直播机的设计

发布时间：2018-08-16 07:40

【摘要】：水稻直播具有节省育苗和插秧成本,适合大规模机械化作业等优点,目前已成为国内外研究的热点。水稻旱直播作业对排种器的要求非常高,目前还没有一种成熟的水稻直播排种器供大家选择,该问题大大的限制了水稻旱直播的多样化,现有的水稻排种器几乎都是由小麦、玉米等作物的排种器改装而来,还不能完全适应水稻播种。本文针对辽宁省现有水稻旱直播机尚无成熟机型、排种均匀性不稳定等问题,对水稻旱直播机进行设计,研制了一种勺式水稻旱穴直播机,一次完成施肥、旋耕、开沟、排种、镇压等功能,通过性能模拟和田间试验验证该直播机的性能满足设计要求,同时可为类似机械的研发提供参考。(1)设计了一种勺式水稻直播机。通过田间试验对现有典型水稻直播机的排种器、镇压轮、开沟器的性能进行分析,针对存在的主要问题,确定改进设计方案。运用SOLIDWORKS三维软件对水稻旱直播机的排种器、开沟器、镇压轮等零部件进行设计,并对排种器和镇压轮进行力学分析,建立数学模型;并利用仿真分析方法对关键部件进行模拟,确定该设计有利于提高直播机的排种均匀性和覆土效果,确保达到设计要求。(2)对排种器进行室内性能试验。通过测量数据找出排种器的转速与每穴粒子数、转速与排种均匀性、转速与伤种率的关系,验证该排种器的排种性能是否满足要求,若不满足,则继续进行优化设计,最终研制了一种勺式水稻直播排种器。(3)对研制的直播机进行田间试验,验证了其技术可行性。试验结果表明,该机作业效率为2.1×103～4.1×103m2/h;排种均匀性变异系数为4.7%、各行排量稳定性变异系数平均值为5.5%、总排量稳定性变异系数平均值为2.3%;穴距在14.4～16.4cm之间、平均穴距变异系数为12.7%;平均每穴粒子数为15、平均每穴粒子数变异系数为9%,伤种率在2%～3%之间;开沟深度平均值为3cm、开沟深度变异系数为10%、覆土厚度平均值为2.1cm、覆土厚度变异系数为10%;镇压轮滑移率平均值为5.9%。通过开沟覆土正交试验确定拖拉机前进速度为0.4m/s、开沟深度为40mm、镇压轮孔高度为140mm等参数。通过以上数据可以得出,该机排种性能稳定、伤种率低,相比于同类水稻旱直播机,在排种稳定性、覆土效果方面有较大的提高,各项指标均满足设计要求。
[Abstract]:Direct seeding of rice has the advantages of saving the cost of seedling raising and transplanting, suitable for large-scale mechanization and so on, and has become a hot research topic at home and abroad. Rice drought direct seeding operation requires very high seed metering apparatus. At present, there is no mature rice seed metering device for everyone to choose from. This problem has greatly restricted the variety of rice dry direct seeding. The existing rice metering apparatus is almost all made of wheat. The metering device of corn and other crops has been modified and can not fully adapt to rice seeding. In order to solve the problem that there is no mature type of rice direct seeding machine in Liaoning Province, and the uniformity of rice seed is unstable, a spoon-type rice dry hole direct seeding machine has been designed and developed, which can be used for fertilization, rotary tillage, ditching, seeding, and so on, in this paper, a spoon-type rice dry-hole direct seeding machine is developed. The performance of the direct seeding machine can meet the design requirements through performance simulation and field experiments. At the same time it can provide a reference for the research and development of similar machinery. (1) A spoon-type rice direct seeding machine is designed. Based on the field experiment, the performance of seed metering device, crushing wheel and trench opener of typical rice direct seeding machine was analyzed, and the improved design scheme was determined in view of the main problems. SOLIDWORKS software is used to design the metering device, trench opener, suppression wheel and other parts of the rice direct seeding machine, and the mechanical analysis of the metering device and the crushing wheel are carried out, and the mathematical model is established, and the key components are simulated by the method of simulation and analysis. It is determined that the design is helpful to improve the seeding uniformity and soil cover effect of the direct seeding machine, and to ensure that the design requirements are met. (2) the indoor performance test of the seeding device is carried out. According to the measured data, the relationship between the rotation speed of the metering device and the number of particles per hole, the rotation speed and the seeding uniformity, the speed of the metering device and the rate of seed injury are found out. It is verified that the metering performance of the metering device meets the requirements, and if not, the optimum design is carried out. Finally, a spoon-type rice seed metering device was developed. (3) the field experiment of the developed direct seeding machine was carried out, and the technical feasibility was verified. The results show that the operating efficiency of the machine is 2.1 脳 10 ~ (3N) 4.1 脳 10 ~ (3) m ~ (2 / h), the coefficient of variation of homogeneity is 4.7, the average coefficient of variation of displacement stability is 5.5 and the average value of variation coefficient of total displacement stability is 2.3. The distance between holes is between 14.4~16.4cm. The average coefficient of variation was 12.7, the average number of seeds per hole was 15, the average coefficient of variation per hole was 9 and the rate of seed injury was between 2% and 3%. The average depth of trench is 3 cm, the coefficient of variation of depth of trench is 10 cm, the average thickness of overlying soil is 2.1 cm, the coefficient of variation of thickness of overlying soil is 10 cm, and the average rate of skidding is 5.9%. The speed of tractor is 0.4m / s, the depth of trench is 40mm and the height of repressing wheel hole is 140mm. Through the above data, it can be concluded that the performance of this machine is stable and the rate of seed injury is low. Compared with the same kind of rice dry direct seeding machine, the stability of seeding and the effect of soil cover are greatly improved, and all the indexes meet the design requirements.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S223.2

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