玉米内生细菌的分离鉴定及其在促生防病增产中的应用
发布时间：2018-08-16 18:58
【摘要】：植物内生细菌是重要的微生物资源,其中不少种群能够产生植物生长素,具有解磷固氮等活性,对宿主植物生长有明显的促生作用,能提高宿主植物的抗逆性和产量。植物内生细菌因此在减少化学农药和肥料的使用量、提高作物抗逆性及产量上具有很大潜力。近年玉米内生菌资源的调查及其在玉米病害防治中的应用研究受到国内外科技工作者的广泛重视,成为玉米病害环境友好型防控技术研究的一大热点。为开发有效防治玉米病害的内生细菌,作者从河南省南阳市采集不同生长期健康玉米植株样品,按常规方法进行表面消毒分离得到39株内生细菌。以39株玉米内生细菌为研究对象,以促进玉米生长为初选指标,利用室内和室外盆栽实验相结合的方法,分析内生细菌的促生效果,筛选出对玉米幼苗具有明显促生作用的内生细菌,为大田玉米南方锈病生防工作的开展提供强有力的备选菌株。对促生效果明显的5株内生细菌(L-2、R-4、R-8、R-14、S-3)进行16S rDNA分子鉴定,均属芽孢杆菌属。再综合盆栽试验、固氮作用、溶磷作用等促生指标,筛选出一株对玉米生长具有明显促生作用内生细菌R-4,根据形态学、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列对内生细菌R-4做进一步鉴定,确定为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),其最适生长温度为30℃,最适生长pH为8。用玉米内生细菌R-4分别处理3个玉米品种(先玉335、浚单20、银糯1号)后,测试其大田防病增产效果。3个玉米品种用R-4悬浮液处理后对南方锈病的平均防治效果分别达32.4%,产量平均增加了30.1kg/666.7m2,具有较好的开发应用前景。田间试验结果表明,用具有促生作用的内生细菌R-4浸泡玉米种子后,对玉米南方锈病的防治以及产量的增加均有一定的效果,可能与该菌株具有较高的溶磷和固氮活性,能促进植株健康生长,提高植物抗病性有关。
[Abstract]:Plant endophytic bacteria are important microbial resources, many of which can produce plant auxin, have the activities of phosphorus and nitrogen fixation, have obvious promoting effect on the growth of host plants, and can improve the resistance and yield of host plants. Therefore, endophytic bacteria have great potential in reducing the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, improving crop resistance and yield. In recent years, the investigation of maize endophytic bacteria resources and their application in maize disease prevention and control have been widely paid attention to by scientists and technicians at home and abroad, and have become a hot spot in the research of environment-friendly maize disease prevention and control technology. In order to develop effective endophytic bacteria for controlling maize diseases, 39 endophytic bacteria were isolated from healthy maize plants in Nanyang City, Henan Province by surface disinfection. Taking 39 strains of maize endophytic bacteria as the research object and promoting the growth of maize as the primary index, the effects of endogenous bacteria on the growth of maize were analyzed by the combination of indoor and outdoor potted experiments. Endophytic bacteria with obvious promoting effect on maize seedlings were screened, which provided a strong alternative strain for the development of biological control of maize southern rust in the field. Five strains of endophytic bacteria (L-2R -4N R-8 R-14 S-3) were identified by 16s rDNA molecular identification. All of them belong to Bacillus genus. Based on pot experiment, nitrogen fixation and phosphorus dissolving, an endophytic bacterium R-4 was selected, which had obvious promoting effect on maize growth. The endophytic bacteria R-4 was further identified according to morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16s rDNA sequence. The optimum growth temperature and pH of Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus), were 30 鈩，
本文编号：2186880
[Abstract]:Plant endophytic bacteria are important microbial resources, many of which can produce plant auxin, have the activities of phosphorus and nitrogen fixation, have obvious promoting effect on the growth of host plants, and can improve the resistance and yield of host plants. Therefore, endophytic bacteria have great potential in reducing the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, improving crop resistance and yield. In recent years, the investigation of maize endophytic bacteria resources and their application in maize disease prevention and control have been widely paid attention to by scientists and technicians at home and abroad, and have become a hot spot in the research of environment-friendly maize disease prevention and control technology. In order to develop effective endophytic bacteria for controlling maize diseases, 39 endophytic bacteria were isolated from healthy maize plants in Nanyang City, Henan Province by surface disinfection. Taking 39 strains of maize endophytic bacteria as the research object and promoting the growth of maize as the primary index, the effects of endogenous bacteria on the growth of maize were analyzed by the combination of indoor and outdoor potted experiments. Endophytic bacteria with obvious promoting effect on maize seedlings were screened, which provided a strong alternative strain for the development of biological control of maize southern rust in the field. Five strains of endophytic bacteria (L-2R -4N R-8 R-14 S-3) were identified by 16s rDNA molecular identification. All of them belong to Bacillus genus. Based on pot experiment, nitrogen fixation and phosphorus dissolving, an endophytic bacterium R-4 was selected, which had obvious promoting effect on maize growth. The endophytic bacteria R-4 was further identified according to morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16s rDNA sequence. The optimum growth temperature and pH of Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus), were 30 鈩，
本文编号：2186880
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