村镇房屋性能提升的指标体系与关键建造技术的研究

发布时间：2018-08-19 08:46

【摘要】：自20世纪90年代以来,随着我国城镇化进程的加快、整体建造水平的提升,村镇房屋的建筑模式、功能需求、管理水平正面临着严峻的考验。当前,我国村镇房屋的全面评价方法、评价标准还处于空白,村镇房屋建造水平的整体把控缺乏理论依据。为保障国家美丽乡村战略的顺利实施,以房屋性能需求为重点的现状评价方法和以房屋现状功能水平为依据的性能提升技术研究均必不可少,两者互为支持、顺序承接,也是本文的最主要研究内容。综合考虑房屋安全性、功能性、舒适性、乡土性四方面因素,提出了村镇房屋性能评价指标体系。通过实地调研,结合国内外规范、建筑物理理论、工程案例,抓住主要体现房屋性能的因素,制定一套可以同时实现房屋性能量化打分及评价的指标体系。房屋性能评价指标的权重确定时,对于子目标层的权重,采用灰色层次分析法确定。对于分因素层的权重以及指标层中每项的分数,相关评价内容在已有规范中已体现的,对相关条文进行筛选、拆分、重组、统计;相关内容在已有规范中未体现的,采用专家建议、实际调查等方法确定。房屋性能的综合评价包括房屋性能的综合评价得分和房屋评价等级的量化划分。本文采用直接代入法建立村镇房屋性能评价模型,将房屋性能分为优、良、中、差四个等级,对房屋进行性能评价。为了解区域房屋的整体性能水平,借助提出的性能评价体系和综合评价方法对村镇房屋进行区域评价。以长三角地区村镇房屋为例,考虑到区域房屋性能水平的巨大个体差异,将区域村镇房屋进行分类评价。通过现场勘查、试验检测、模拟分析等多种手段对房屋指标层进行分类客观打分,并根据每类房屋的面积比进行区域得分计算。通过综合评价,区域房屋整体性能为中,仍需较大的改造提升。通过对评价结果对比分析,指出房屋舒适性、乡土性普遍较差等薄弱方面,为村镇房屋性能提升起到指导作用。针对村镇房屋舒适性能普遍差的现象,重点从窗墙比的设计优化、围护结构热工性能改造提升、室外风环境的分析、一体化折叠外窗设计等多方面提升房屋性能。基于能耗的最优窗墙比分析中,对光控照明能耗进行全年逐时的理论推导,结合已有供暖空调能耗计算方法,给出了全年总能耗和最优窗墙比的估算公式。基于热工性能检测结果,提出相应的房屋节能改造措施,改造后节能率达到50%;通过缺陷分析得到地面、屋顶为改造后村镇房屋能耗的主要薄弱面。通过室外风环境模拟发现,村镇房屋室外风场杂乱,夏季少部分区域出现无风区,冬季部分区域风速偏大,过渡季引入污染源气体,建议村东增加高大绿化景观带。通过设计一种可控遮阳保温隔声的一体化折叠外窗,实现夏季白天遮阳、冬季及过渡季夜间保温隔声等功能。
[Abstract]:Since the 1990s, with the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of the overall construction level, the building mode, function demand and management level of the village and town houses are facing a severe test. At present, the comprehensive evaluation method and the evaluation standard of the village house in our country are still blank, and the whole control of the building level of the village and town house lacks the theoretical basis. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the national beautiful rural strategy, the present situation evaluation method with emphasis on the house performance demand and the research on the performance upgrading technology based on the present function level of the house are essential, both of which support each other and carry on sequentially. It is also the main research content of this paper. Considering the four factors of building safety, function, comfort and rural soil, the evaluation index system of house performance in villages and towns is put forward. Through field investigation, combining with domestic and foreign norms, building physics theory and engineering cases, this paper makes a set of index system which can realize the quantitative scoring and evaluation of housing performance simultaneously by grasping the factors that mainly reflect the performance of houses. When the weight of building performance evaluation index is determined, the weight of sub-target layer is determined by grey analytic hierarchy process. For the weight of the sub-factor layer and the score of each item in the index layer, if the relevant evaluation content has been embodied in the existing norms, the relevant provisions shall be screened, split, reorganized, and counted; if the relevant contents are not reflected in the existing norms, Use expert advice, actual investigation and other methods to determine. The comprehensive evaluation of house performance includes the score of comprehensive evaluation and the quantification of the grade of house evaluation. In this paper, the method of direct substitution is used to establish the evaluation model of housing performance in villages and towns, and the performance of houses is divided into four grades: excellent, good, medium and poor, and the performance of houses is evaluated. In order to understand the overall performance level of regional houses, the proposed performance evaluation system and comprehensive evaluation method are used to evaluate the regional performance of houses in villages and towns. Taking the village houses in the Yangtze River Delta as an example, considering the huge individual difference of the regional housing performance level, the regional village houses are classified and evaluated. By means of on-site investigation, test and test, simulation analysis and other means, the index layer of housing is classified and objectively graded, and the regional score is calculated according to the area ratio of each kind of house. Through comprehensive evaluation, the overall performance of regional housing is medium, and still needs to be greatly improved. Through the comparison and analysis of the evaluation results, it is pointed out that the weak aspects such as the comfort of houses and the general poor soil properties in the villages and towns play a guiding role in improving the performance of houses in villages and towns. In view of the general poor comfort performance of the houses in villages and towns, the emphasis is put on the optimization of the window / wall ratio, the improvement of thermal performance of the enclosure structure, the analysis of the outdoor wind environment, the design of integrated folding outer windows, and so on. In the analysis of the optimal window / wall ratio based on energy consumption, the theoretical derivation of the energy consumption of light-controlled lighting is carried out year by year. Combined with the existing energy consumption calculation method of heating and air conditioning, the estimation formulas of the total energy consumption and the optimal window wall ratio are given. Based on the test results of thermal performance, the corresponding energy saving measures are put forward, and the energy saving rate is up to 50%. Through the defect analysis, the ground is obtained, and the roof is the main weak surface of energy consumption in the retrofit of houses in villages and towns. Through the simulation of outdoor wind environment, it is found that the outdoor wind field of the village and town houses is chaotic, there are no wind areas in summer in a few areas, the wind speed in some areas in winter is on the high side, and the pollution source gas is introduced into the transition season, it is suggested that the village east should increase the tall green landscape zone. Through the design of an integrated folded outer window with controllable sunshade insulation and sound insulation, the functions of sunshade in summer, night insulation in winter and transition season are realized.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU26

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