马铃薯优良新品系培育及其细胞学和SSR分析
发布时间：2018-08-22 18:53
【摘要】：在我国马铃薯主粮化战略的驱动下,对加工专用型及彩色马铃薯等特色品种的需求增大。为培育优质、高产、抗病、适应性强的马铃薯新品种,近几年我们依据生态型差异较大、优点和缺点互补的亲本选配原则,以美国引进的马铃薯种质材料'YSP-4','2027','MIN-021'及国内育成的品种'陇薯7号'和'黑美'作亲本,组配了 'YSP-4×MIN-021'、'2027×黑美'、'YSP-4×陇薯7号' 3个杂交组合,通过人工套袋授粉杂交,获得其杂种F1代分离群体,并以F1代及其亲本为材料,在田间纱网大棚栽培条件下选择符合育种目标的优良杂种无性系单株,成功培育出7个马铃薯优良新品系A4、A8、A21、B5、B7、B10和C2。本试验重点对新品系的生育特性、产量和营养品质表现、PMCMI染色体配对构型及SSR指纹特征等进行了分析,主要结果如下。1.试验从3个组合'YSP-4×MIN-021'、'2027×黑美'和'YSP-4×陇薯7号'的杂种F1代分离群体中选育出7个马铃薯优良新品系A4、A8、A21、B5、B7、B10和C2。A4为全粉加工型新品系,B7和B10为彩色马铃薯新品系,其余均为鲜食型新品系。2.各新品系生育期变幅为85～113 d,品系B10中早熟,C2晚熟,其余5个品系均为中熟类型;7个新品系的块茎芽眼浅,结薯集中整齐,平均单株产量在1 kg以上,商品薯率81%以上。3.7个新品系A4、A8、A21、B5、B7、B10和C2的花粉可育率变幅为48.82%～87.69%,其染色体配对构型分别为 6.57Ⅰ+9.66Ⅱ+5.06Ⅲ+1.74Ⅳ、5.38Ⅰ +8.98Ⅱ+4.63Ⅲ+2.69Ⅳ、4.05Ⅰ+ 15.54Ⅱ+2.12Ⅲ+1.63Ⅳ、4.55Ⅰ+12.12Ⅱ+2.39Ⅲ+3.01Ⅳ、1.93Ⅰ+11.52Ⅱ+2.0Ⅲ+4.26Ⅳ、4.37Ⅰ+9.97Ⅱ+3.19Ⅲ+3.53Ⅳ和 6.08Ⅰ+7.6Ⅱ+3.4Ⅲ+4.13Ⅳ。4.各新品系和其亲本的遗传距离(GD)变幅在0.20～0.588之间,以GD值0.4为基准,将12个材料划分为5类:第一类为A4、A8、A21和'YSP-4';第二类为B5和'2027';第三类为B7、B10和'黑美';第四类为C2和'陇薯7号';'MIN-021'单独为一类。5.试验筛选出SSR适宜引引物10对,共扩增出101个多态性条带,多态性条带比率为82.1 1%。建立了亲本和其杂种新品系的SSR指纹图,为下一步新品种的育成鉴定和登记利用提供了分子依据。
[Abstract]:Driven by the main grain strategy of potato in China, the demand for special processing and color potato varieties has increased. In order to cultivate new potato varieties with good quality, high yield, disease resistance and strong adaptability, in recent years, we have adopted the principle of parent selection based on the large ecotype differences and complementary advantages and disadvantages. Three hybrid combinations of YSP-4 脳 MIN-021 'and' Longshu 7 'and' Heimei', one of the potato germplasm materials introduced from USA, were used to pollinate YSP-4 脳 MIN-021, and YSP-4 脳 Longshu 7 by artificial bagging. The F _ 1 hybrids and their parents were used as the materials to select a single plant of fine hybrid clones under the condition of field net shed cultivation. Seven new potato fine lines A _ 4A _ (8) A _ (21) A _ (1) B _ (5) C _ (7) B _ (7) and A _ (4) A _ (8) A _ (21) B _ (5) B _ (7) B _ (7) B _ (10) and C _ (2) were successfully cultivated. In this experiment, the growth characteristics, yield and nutritional quality of the new strain were analyzed. The chromosome pairing configuration of PMCMI and the characteristics of SSR fingerprinting were analyzed. The main results were as follows: 1. In this experiment, seven new potato lines, A4A8A8, A21, B _ 5, B _ 7, B _ (7) and C2.A4, were selected from three hybrids of YSP-4 脳 MIN-021, YSP-4 脳 Longshu '2027 脳 Heimei' and YYSP-4 脳 Longshu 7', respectively, and the others were fresh type new lines. 2. The growth period of each new strain was 85 ~ 113d, the medium and early maturing strain B10 was late maturing, the other five lines were all medium maturing types, the tuber buds of 7 new lines were light, the tubers were concentrated and neat, the average yield per plant was more than 1 kg. The rate of pollen fertility of the new lines A4, A8, A21, B5, B7, B10 and C2 was 48.82%, and the chromosome matching configuration was 6.57 鈪，
本文编号：2198002
[Abstract]:Driven by the main grain strategy of potato in China, the demand for special processing and color potato varieties has increased. In order to cultivate new potato varieties with good quality, high yield, disease resistance and strong adaptability, in recent years, we have adopted the principle of parent selection based on the large ecotype differences and complementary advantages and disadvantages. Three hybrid combinations of YSP-4 脳 MIN-021 'and' Longshu 7 'and' Heimei', one of the potato germplasm materials introduced from USA, were used to pollinate YSP-4 脳 MIN-021, and YSP-4 脳 Longshu 7 by artificial bagging. The F _ 1 hybrids and their parents were used as the materials to select a single plant of fine hybrid clones under the condition of field net shed cultivation. Seven new potato fine lines A _ 4A _ (8) A _ (21) A _ (1) B _ (5) C _ (7) B _ (7) and A _ (4) A _ (8) A _ (21) B _ (5) B _ (7) B _ (7) B _ (10) and C _ (2) were successfully cultivated. In this experiment, the growth characteristics, yield and nutritional quality of the new strain were analyzed. The chromosome pairing configuration of PMCMI and the characteristics of SSR fingerprinting were analyzed. The main results were as follows: 1. In this experiment, seven new potato lines, A4A8A8, A21, B _ 5, B _ 7, B _ (7) and C2.A4, were selected from three hybrids of YSP-4 脳 MIN-021, YSP-4 脳 Longshu '2027 脳 Heimei' and YYSP-4 脳 Longshu 7', respectively, and the others were fresh type new lines. 2. The growth period of each new strain was 85 ~ 113d, the medium and early maturing strain B10 was late maturing, the other five lines were all medium maturing types, the tuber buds of 7 new lines were light, the tubers were concentrated and neat, the average yield per plant was more than 1 kg. The rate of pollen fertility of the new lines A4, A8, A21, B5, B7, B10 and C2 was 48.82%, and the chromosome matching configuration was 6.57 鈪，
本文编号：2198002
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