化学诱导玉米孤雌生殖快速选育自交系技术优化研究

发布时间：2018-08-25 20:12

【摘要】：目前,利用Stock 6及其改良系进行杂交诱导单倍体快速选育玉米自交系已成为玉米育种的主要技术。但该技术普遍存在诱导率低、程序繁琐,特别是单倍体籽粒鉴别困难以及自然加倍率低等问题,难以满足育种需求。本课题通过多年研究,创制了利用低毒试剂即除草剂诱导玉米孤雌生殖的快速选育自交系技术并获国家发明专利。该技术可在诱导当代直接获得二倍体种子,并可在诱导一代提前测配,诱导二代便可获得纯合的穗行即自交系。选育周期比Stock 6改良系遗传诱导还要缩短一代以上,克服了 Stock 6诱导技术的缺点,该技术有望在育种上大面积应用。但因该技术在诱导剂品种、浓度、处理时期和诱导材料等方面的研究均还不够完善。因此,本试验以氟乐灵和炔苯酰草胺作为一种新的诱导剂,并结合常规药剂秋水仙碱,以不同遗传背景的玉米为试材,通过不同药剂、不同浓度、不同时期的诱导处理,对化学诱导玉米孤雌生殖进行了系统研究,旨在为其大规模推广应用提供理论和技术支撑。主要研究结果如下:1.利用氟乐灵、炔苯酰草胺和秋水仙碱对特种玉米沈糯7号诱导孤雌生殖。结果表明,炔苯酰草胺的诱导株率显著高于秋水仙碱,秋水仙碱显著高于氟乐灵,分别高出9.09%和 3.24%。2.利用氟乐灵和炔苯酰草胺的20、40、80、160和320μmol·L~(-1)各5个浓度对特种玉米沈糯7号诱导孤雌生殖。研究表明,两种除草剂最佳诱导浓度均为80μmol·L~(-1),结实株率分别达到24.03%和36.36%,均显著高于其他四个处理。3.通过氟乐灵和炔苯酰草胺不同处理时期的诱导效果比较,结果表明,两种除草剂诱导的最佳时期均为雌穗吐丝后第5天。4.不同基因型玉米材料的诱导效果有较大的差异,杂交种的诱导株率显著高于不同自交世代的材料,糯玉米高于普通玉米,Lancaster群高于Reid群。5.通过对获得的671粒种子播种后长成的植株(即Pa1代)进行田间表型鉴定,初步获得163个玉米孤雌生殖系。6.对447份诱导后代材料(即Pa2代)进行田间穗行鉴定,结果表明,诱导材料穗行各性状表现均整齐一致。
[Abstract]:At present, the rapid selection of maize inbred lines using Stock 6 and its improved lines to induce haploid has become the main technique of maize breeding. But there are some problems in this technique, such as low induction rate and complicated procedure, especially the difficulty in identifying haploid seeds and the low natural doubling rate, so it is difficult to meet the breeding needs. Through many years of research, the technology of rapid breeding of maize parthenogenesis induced by low toxic reagent (herbicide) was developed and obtained the national invention patent. This technique can directly obtain diploid seeds in the current generation, and can be used to determine the match in advance of the induced generation, and then the homozygous panicle inbred lines can be obtained by inducing the second generation. The breeding period is shorter than that of Stock 6 improved line, which overcomes the shortcoming of Stock 6 induction technique, and it is expected to be widely used in breeding. However, the study of inducer variety, concentration, treatment time and inducer material is not perfect. Therefore, in this experiment, fluoroside and alkynyl oxalamide were used as a new inducer, colchicine was combined with colchicine, and maize with different genetic background was treated with different medicament, different concentration and different period of induction. The chemical induced parthenogenesis of maize was studied systematically in order to provide theoretical and technical support for its extensive application. The main results are as follows: 1. The parthenogenesis of special maize Shennuo 7 was induced by fluralin, alkynyl oxalamine and colchicine. The results showed that the induced plant rate of alkynyl oxalamide was significantly higher than that of colchicine and colchicine was 9.09% and 3.24% higher than that of trifluridine, respectively. The parthenogenesis of Shennuo 7, a special maize, was induced by 5 concentrations of trifluridine and 20 渭 mol L ~ (-1) of acetylphenylethyl oxalamide, 20 渭 mol 80160 and 320 渭 mol L ~ (-1), respectively. The results showed that the optimum induction concentration of the two herbicides was 80 渭 mol L-1, and the seed setting rate was 24.03% and 36.36%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of the other four treatments. The results showed that the best induction period of the two herbicides was on the 5th day after silking. The induced plant rate of hybrids was significantly higher than that of different inbred generations, and that of waxy maize was higher than that of Reid group. Based on the phenotypic identification of the plants (Pa1 generation) grown after seeding of 671 seeds, 163 parthenogenetic lines of maize were preliminarily obtained. The panicles of 447 induced progenies (i.e. Pa2 generation) were identified in the field. The results showed that the panicle characters of induced progenies were orderly and consistent.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513
，

本文编号：2203975