香菇重金属砷污染规律及防控技术初步研究
发布时间：2018-09-01 09:57
【摘要】：香菇(Lentinula edodes)是我国广泛栽培的食用菌之一,年产量长期居各种食用菌之首。近些年来,随着香菇出口量的不断增加,重金属含量超标问题也逐渐被人们所关注。砷元素是一种有毒的重金属元素,在香菇产品中砷含量超标问题也时有发生。本课题对香菇主产区的栽培原料和子实体进行了抽样调查,了解了香菇栽培原料及子实体中重金属砷污染现状,并研究了外源添加物(砷盐、磷酸盐、硅盐)和培养温度对菌丝体和子实体吸收砷的影响,分析了砷在子实体不同部位的分布特点,探讨了香菇对重金属砷的污染规律和防控技术。对湖北和河南的部分香菇产区栽培原料和子实体的砷污染情况调查表明,重金属砷污染情况极少发生。依据《GB 2762-2012食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》中的相关标准,仅河南省沙河店的1个样品砷含量超标,其含量达到了约0.667mg/kg。研究了外源添加物对菌丝体吸收砷的影响,结果表明,培养基中砷浓度越高,对菌丝生长的抑制作用越强,到2 mg/L时菌丝几乎无法生长,而其菌丝体中的砷含量是随着培养基中砷浓度的增大而增大;添加一定浓度的磷酸盐后,在含有五价砷[As(V)]的培养基中的菌丝长速明显高于未添加磷酸盐的对照组,但对于含有三价砷[As(Ⅲ)]的培养基,添加磷酸盐则没有明显作用,说明磷酸根离子(PO43-)可以有效缓解As(V)对菌丝生长的抑制作用。其次研究了温度对菌丝体砷含量的影响,结果表明,菌丝在较低温(16℃-22℃)时吸收的砷比较高温(25℃-28℃)时的稍多。在香菇栽培料中外源添加不同浓度的砷,其栽培试验结果显示,当培养料中添加的砷越多,子实体中富集的砷就越多,富集系数为0.071~0.302;通过线性回归分析发现,两者之间呈显著正相关,符合方程y=0.5458x+0.1254,R2=0.9935。当培养料中添加一定量砷时,香菇不同品种子实体中砷含量也有差异,在供试的5个品种中,矮花1号子实体砷含量最高,矮花2号最低,两者差异显著。对于香菇不同潮次的子实体,其砷含量是不同的,第一潮菇子实体的砷含量明显高于第二潮菇。香菇子实体中不同部位的砷含量亦不相同,其中菌褶的含量最高,其次是菌盖,菌柄含量最低。综上所述,香菇子实体砷污染仅零星发生,子实体中砷含量随着培养基质中砷含量的增加而上升,温度可稍微影响菌丝体对砷的吸收量。在培养基中添加一定浓度的磷酸盐后,可以显著地缓解五价砷[As(V)]对菌丝的抑制作用,但对三价砷[As(Ⅲ)]则没有明显作用。选择合适的香菇品种,有利于控制子实体中砷含量。
[Abstract]:Lentinus edodes (Lentinula edodes) is one of the widely cultivated edible fungi in China. In recent years, with the increasing export of lentinus edodes, the problem of heavy metal content exceeding the standard has been paid more and more attention. Arsenic is a toxic heavy metal element. In this paper, the cultivation raw materials and fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes in the main producing areas were investigated, and the present situation of arsenic pollution in the raw materials and fruit bodies of Lentinus edodes was investigated, and the exogenous additives (arsenic salt, phosphate, phosphate) were studied. The effects of silicon salt and culture temperature on the absorption of arsenic in mycelium and fruiting body were studied. The distribution characteristics of arsenic in different parts of fruit body were analyzed, and the pollution law and control technology of heavy metal arsenic in Lentinus edodes were discussed. The investigation on arsenic pollution of cultivated raw materials and fruit bodies in parts of Lentinus edodes production areas in Hubei and Henan shows that arsenic pollution of heavy metals is rare. According to the relevant standard of "GB 2762-2012 national food safety national standard food pollutant limit", only one sample in Shahedian, Henan Province, contains more arsenic than the standard, and its content reaches about 0.667mg / kg. The effects of exogenous additives on the uptake of arsenic by mycelium were studied. The results showed that the higher the arsenic concentration in the culture medium, the stronger the inhibitory effect on the growth of hyphae. The hyphae could hardly grow at 2 mg/L. The content of arsenic in the mycelium increased with the increase of arsenic concentration in the medium, and the hyphal length in the medium containing pentavalent arsenic [As (V)] was significantly higher than that in the control group without phosphate after adding a certain concentration of phosphate. But for the medium containing trivalent arsenic [As (鈪，
本文编号：2216844
[Abstract]:Lentinus edodes (Lentinula edodes) is one of the widely cultivated edible fungi in China. In recent years, with the increasing export of lentinus edodes, the problem of heavy metal content exceeding the standard has been paid more and more attention. Arsenic is a toxic heavy metal element. In this paper, the cultivation raw materials and fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes in the main producing areas were investigated, and the present situation of arsenic pollution in the raw materials and fruit bodies of Lentinus edodes was investigated, and the exogenous additives (arsenic salt, phosphate, phosphate) were studied. The effects of silicon salt and culture temperature on the absorption of arsenic in mycelium and fruiting body were studied. The distribution characteristics of arsenic in different parts of fruit body were analyzed, and the pollution law and control technology of heavy metal arsenic in Lentinus edodes were discussed. The investigation on arsenic pollution of cultivated raw materials and fruit bodies in parts of Lentinus edodes production areas in Hubei and Henan shows that arsenic pollution of heavy metals is rare. According to the relevant standard of "GB 2762-2012 national food safety national standard food pollutant limit", only one sample in Shahedian, Henan Province, contains more arsenic than the standard, and its content reaches about 0.667mg / kg. The effects of exogenous additives on the uptake of arsenic by mycelium were studied. The results showed that the higher the arsenic concentration in the culture medium, the stronger the inhibitory effect on the growth of hyphae. The hyphae could hardly grow at 2 mg/L. The content of arsenic in the mycelium increased with the increase of arsenic concentration in the medium, and the hyphal length in the medium containing pentavalent arsenic [As (V)] was significantly higher than that in the control group without phosphate after adding a certain concentration of phosphate. But for the medium containing trivalent arsenic [As (鈪，
本文编号：2216844
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