2种丁香属植物营养器官解剖结构及生理指标研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 16:25

【摘要】：红丁香(Syringa villosa Vahl.)和紫丁香(Syringa oblata Lindl.)作为主要的园林植物,既可以药用,又有着较高的经济价值,可以实现环保和发展的双赢。我国北方地区降水量较少,因此在北方地区种植丁香更容易受到干旱胁迫。本文通过光学显微镜对丁香属两种植物的形态特征,及其根及茎初生、次生结构和叶的结构作了比较解剖学特征,并结合植物抗旱指标(植物相对含水量、叶绿素含量、POD、SOD、MDA、可溶性糖含量)探讨了相关性状以及生态适应性的关系,并对丁香属植物的园林应用现状作了分析。主要研究结果如下:1.红丁香和紫丁香根的皮层组织较为发达,薄壁细胞层次多,而且明显大于其它细胞。但红丁香周皮木栓层含有少量含晶胞,而紫丁香没有,这说明红丁香和紫丁香具有很强的贮水能力,红丁香更比紫丁香多一层保护,具有更强的生态适应能力。2.红丁香表皮细胞壁较厚,皮层是体积较小散生大量含晶的厚角细胞;紫丁香的皮层是4~6层薄壁细胞,散生含少量叶绿体的含晶细胞。红丁香木质部导管内径以及每平方毫米管孔数目远远大于紫丁香。说明红丁香比紫丁香的输水能力更强,具有更强的生态适应能力。3.红丁香叶柄表皮角质厚度大于紫丁香;红丁香的栅栏组织与海绵组织比为4.8:1,紫丁香的栅海比为1.2:1。红丁香叶脉较为发达,叶迹有5个,紫丁香的叶迹有3个。排列紧密多层厚角组织和薄壁细胞再加上发达的栅栏组织,不仅能够加强红丁香和紫丁香的光合作用,还能保护植物免受逆境带来的伤害,但红丁香的角质层厚度、栅海比和叶迹都远大于紫丁香,使得红丁香具有更强的生态适应能力。再结合对紫丁香和红丁香叶片的水分含量、叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖等抗旱性生理指标进行了对比研究,发现在相同生活环境中,红丁香和紫丁香生活环境相似,但红丁香的叶绿素含量、SOD活性、POD活性、可溶性糖含量等均显著大于紫丁香,只有红丁香的相对水分亏缺和MDA含量显著小于紫丁香。说明红丁香比紫丁香具有更强的生态适应能力。
[Abstract]:Syringa villosa Vahl. (Syringa oblata Lindl.) and Syringa oblata Lindl. (Syringa oblata Lindl.) as the main garden plants, both medicinal and have high economic value, can achieve a win-win situation of environmental protection and development. The morphological characteristics, primary roots and stems, secondary structures and leaf structures of two species of Syringa were studied in this paper. The relationship between the relative water content, chlorophyll content, POD, SOD, MDA, soluble sugar content and the ecological adaptability of the two species was discussed. The main results are as follows: 1. The cortex tissue of red clove and lilac root is more developed, the parenchyma cells are more layered, and obviously larger than other cells. But the cork layer of periderm of red clove contains a small number of crystalline cells, but lilac does not, which shows that red clove and lilac have a strong water storage capacity, red clove is more than red clove. Syringa has a thick epidermal cell wall, the cortex is a small scattered large number of crystalline thick-horned cells; Syringa cortex is 4-6 thin-walled cells, scattered with a small amount of chloroplast crystalline cells. Syringa xylem duct diameter and per square millimeter of the number of pore is far larger. 3. The thickness of cuticle of petiole was thicker than that of lilac; the ratio of palisade tissue to sponge tissue of lilac was 4.8:1, the ratio of palisade tissue to sponge tissue of lilac was 1.2:1. The veins of lilac were more developed, there were 5 leaves and 3 leaves of lilac. Close layers of thick-horned and parenchyma cells, together with well-developed palisade tissues, can not only enhance the photosynthesis of red clove and lilac, but also protect plants from stress damage. But the thickness of the cuticle, palisade-sea ratio and leaf trace of red clove are far greater than those of lilac, which makes red clove have stronger ecological adaptability. The drought resistance physiological indexes such as water content, chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde content and soluble sugar content of lilac and lilac leaves were compared. It was found that the living environment of lilac and lilac was similar, but the chlorophyll content and SOD activity of lilac were similar in the same living environment. The POD activity and soluble sugar content were significantly higher than those of Syringa, only the relative water deficit and MDA content of Syringa were significantly lower than those of Syringa.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S685.26

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