不同施肥制度对河套灌区氮素损失的影响

发布时间：2018-09-17 10:08

【摘要】：当今氮肥的过量使用不仅造成了氮的损失增加了生产成本而且也破坏了环境使农业面源污染日趋严重。因此氮肥的合理利用成为人们关注的焦点。在内蒙古杭锦后旗头道桥镇进行大田施肥试验来研究不同施肥制度对氮素损失的影响,结果表明:1.追施三次普通尿素处理玉米吸收氮为141.4kg/hm2,氮肥利用率为43.7%高于其它处理,氨挥发损失为13.5kg/hm2,N20排放损失1.8kg/hm2,气态氮损失为4.8%小于追施一次尿素、追施二次尿素,土壤淋溶水中氮素淋溶损失为29.4kg/hm2,小于缓控释氮肥、追施一次尿素、追施二次尿素和追施二次液态氮肥。追施三次普通尿素土壤氮素残留量最低为106.8kg/hmm2。玉米产量显著高于缓控释氮肥、追施一次尿素和追施二次尿素(p0.05)。2.追施二次液态氮肥的氮肥利用率为41.8%高于缓控释氮肥、追施一次尿素和追施二次尿素,气态氮素损失为4.9%高于缓控释氮肥的4.4%和追施三次普通尿素的4.8%,土壤淋溶水淋溶氮量为31.4kg/hmm2,淋溶损失率低于追施三次普通尿素但高于缓控释氮肥、追施一次尿素和追施二次尿素。玉米产量也显著高于缓控释氮肥、追施一次尿素和追施二次尿素(p0.05),与追施三次普通尿素的玉米产量不显著(p0.05)。3.缓控释氮肥(35.8%)、追施一次尿素(38.1%)和追施二次尿素(37.5%)的氮肥利用率低于追施三次普通尿素(43.7%)和追施二次液态氮肥(41.8%)。缓控释氮肥(42.6kg/hm2)、追施一次尿素(47.2kg/hmm2)和追施二次尿素(38.8kg/hm2)的淋溶水氮损失高于配方肥+追施三次普通尿素(29.4kg/hm2)和配方肥+追施二次液态氮肥(15.7kg/hm2)的淋溶水氮损失,在玉米产量和环境效应方面不具有较大优势。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the excessive use of nitrogen not only causes the loss of nitrogen, but also damages the environment and causes the agricultural non-point source pollution to become more and more serious. Therefore, the rational use of nitrogen fertilizer has become the focus of attention. Field fertilization experiments were carried out in Hangjin Houqi, Inner Mongolia, to study the effects of different fertilization systems on nitrogen loss. The results showed that 1: 1. The nitrogen uptake of maize was 141.4 kg 路hm ~ 2 路hm ~ (2), nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate was 43.7% higher than that of other treatments, ammonia volatilization loss was 1.8kg / hm ~ (2), and gaseous nitrogen loss was 4.8% less than that of first application, and secondary urea was applied at the same time, the nitrogen uptake of maize was 141.4 kg 路hm ~ (2) 路hm ~ (2), nitrogen fertilizer utilization was 43.7% higher than that of other treatments, and ammonia volatilization loss was 1.8kg / hm ~ (2). The leaching loss of nitrogen in soil leaching water was 29.4 kg 路hm ~ (2), which was lower than that of slow-controlled nitrogen fertilizer. The primary urea, the secondary urea and the secondary liquid nitrogen fertilizer were applied. The lowest nitrogen residue in topdressing was 106.8 kg / hmm-2. The yield of maize was significantly higher than that of slow and controlled release nitrogen fertilizer, topdressing with primary urea and secondary urea (p0.05) .2. The nitrogen utilization efficiency of secondary liquid nitrogen fertilizer was 41.8% higher than that of slow and controlled release nitrogen fertilizer. The nitrogen loss of gaseous nitrogen was 4.9% higher than that of slow controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and 4.8wt% of tertiary urea. The leaching nitrogen content of soil leaching water was 31.4 kg 路hmm2. The leaching loss rate was lower than that of three times common urea but higher than that of slow controlled release nitrogen fertilizer. Topdressing of primary urea and topdressing secondary urea. The yield of maize was also significantly higher than that of slow-controlled nitrogen fertilizer. The yield of maize treated with primary urea and secondary urea (p0.05) was not significantly higher than that with triple-urea (p0.05). Slow and controlled nitrogen fertilizer (35. 8%), primary urea (38. 1%) and secondary urea (37. 5%) were lower than common urea (43. 7%) and secondary liquid nitrogen fertilizer (41. 8%). The leaching water and nitrogen loss of slow controlled release nitrogen fertilizer (42.6kg/hm2), primary urea (47.2kg/hmm2) and topdressing secondary urea (38.8kg/hm2) were higher than that of common urea (29.4kg/hm2) and secondary liquid nitrogen fertilizer (15.7kg/hm2). There is no advantage in maize yield and environmental effect.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513

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