苜蓿机械化收获调制损失系统定量研究

发布时间：2018-09-19 13:45

【摘要】：近年来,国内苜蓿干草产业发展迅速,苜蓿种植面积不断扩大,但是由于苜蓿干草生产过程中生产者科学意识、技术推广应用等方面的滞后,国内苜蓿干草质量问题突出,导致我国苜蓿干草质量与国际市场相差甚远,畜牧业生产所需优质苜蓿干草对进口依赖严重。为了探究我国苜蓿干草生产过程中机械化收获和调制作业导致质量和产量损失,本研究以"金皇后"紫花苜蓿作为试验材料,通过研究不同留茬高度刈割苜蓿产量和营养品质损失情况,以及不同时间翻搂、打捆作业过程中营养品质损失情况,分析田间生产苜蓿干草过程中茎叶比、CP含量以及RFV值变化规律,从而探究出苜蓿田间生产中机械作业在不同处理下苜蓿产量、营养品质损失率。通过研究,本论文得出以下结论:(1)苜蓿全年草产量损失率随留茬高度升高而升高,损失率在留茬高度为8～11cm时最高,为14.32%,显著高于其他留茬高度,留茬高度2～5cm和5～8cm时损失率分别为3.47%和6.01%。(2)与留茬高度最高时(8～11cm)相比,三茬苜蓿在不同留茬高度刈割时叶片损失率在0～2cm时最高,分别为12.78%、15.72%和15.01%,在5～8cm刈割时叶片损失不明显;各茬次CP损失率最高均在留茬0～2cm时,分别为14.10%、11.09%、8.66%,RFV损失率最高均在0～2cm,三茬次0～2cm时刈割,分别为 7.05%、14.93%和 16.37%。(3)搂草作业后苜蓿叶片和品质损失明显。各茬次一天内不同时间搂草作业苜蓿叶片损失率最低均是在21:00,分别为5.76%(第一茬),17.96%(第二茬)和7.86%(第三茬);CP损失率最低分别在21:00(6.72%)、6:00(4.75%)和 21:00(4.49%),RFV 损失率最低分别在 6:00(1.94%)、21:00(3.95)和 21:00(0.61)。(4)打捆作业后叶片、CP、RFV均损失明显。一、二、三茬不同时间打捆作业时叶片损失率最低均在6:00,分别为35.74%、24.92%和13.00%,CP损失率分别在 21:00(7.69%)、6:00(8.99%)、6:00(11.98%)时最低;RFV损失率最低分别在 6:00(12.34%)、9:00(9.14%)6:00(7.53)。(5)综合研究,建议在苜蓿机械化收获调制高品质苜蓿干草时,应在留茬8～11cm时刈割,搂草作业应在21:00后进行,打捆作业应在6:00前进行。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the alfalfa hay industry has developed rapidly in China, and the alfalfa planting area has been continuously expanded. However, due to the lag in the scientific consciousness of the producers and the popularization and application of the technology in the production process of alfalfa hay, the quality problems of alfalfa hay in China are prominent. As a result, the quality of alfalfa hay in our country is far from that in the international market, and the high quality alfalfa hay needed for animal husbandry production depends heavily on the import of alfalfa hay. In order to investigate the loss of quality and yield caused by mechanized harvesting and modulation in the production of alfalfa hay in China, the "Jinhuang Queen" alfalfa was used as the experimental material in this study. The loss of alfalfa yield and nutrition quality at different stubble height was studied, and the loss of nutrition quality in the process of twisting and bundling at different time was also studied. The changes of CP content and RFV value of stem and leaf ratio in field production of alfalfa hay were analyzed, and the loss rate of alfalfa yield and nutrition quality under different treatments were explored. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the yield loss rate of alfalfa increased with the increase of stubble height, and the loss rate was the highest at stubble height (8~11cm), which was significantly higher than that of other stubble heights. The loss rates of 2~5cm and 5~8cm at stubble height were 3.47% and 6.01% respectively. (2) compared with the highest stubble height (8~11cm), the leaf loss rate of triple-stubble alfalfa was the highest at different stubble height (0~2cm). It was 12.787.72% and 15.01%, respectively, and the loss of leaf was not obvious at the time of 5~8cm clipping, and the highest loss rate of CP in each crop was 14.10% and 11.09%, 8.66 cm when stubble 0~2cm, respectively, and the highest loss rate of CP was at 0 ~ 2 cm when 0~2cm was clipped three times. 7.05% and 16.37%, respectively. (3) the loss of alfalfa leaves and quality was obvious. The lowest loss rate of alfalfa leaves was 21: 00 at different times of the day, 5.76% (the first crop) and 7.86% (the third crop) respectively. The lowest loss rate of CP was at 21:00 (6.72%) at 6: 00 (4.75%) and 21:00 (4.49%) at 6:00 (1.94%) at 6:00 (1.95%) and 6:00 (0.61). (4), respectively, at 21:00 (6.72%) and 21:00 (4.49%) at 6:00 (1.94%), respectively. The RFV loss of leaves was obvious after baling. In the first, second and third crop, the lowest loss rate of leaves was at 6: 00, and the lowest loss rate was at 6:00 (12.34%) at 6:00 (9.14%), 6:00 (9.14%) at 6:00 (9.14%), 6:00 (7.53). (5) at 21:00 (7.69%) and 13.00% (8.99%), respectively. It is suggested that when high quality alfalfa hay is prepared by mechanized harvesting of alfalfa, cutting should be done at the time of stubble 8~11cm, crouching operation should be carried out after 21:00, and baling operation should be carried out before 6:00.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S541.9

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