辽宁省苹果蠹蛾发生特点、抗药性及综合防控技术研究

发布时间：2018-10-07 20:20

【摘要】：苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella L.是世界上最重要的果树害虫之一,几乎遍布绝大多数苹果和梨种植地区。自1957年张学祖首次报道该虫在我国新疆发生以来,该虫现已分布于新疆全局,甘肃大部,以及宁夏、内蒙古、黑龙江局部地区。辽宁省自2014年在局部地区也发现了该虫的疫情,这对辽宁省及环渤海湾优势果区果业生产造成严重威胁。国内外针对苹果蠹蛾已开展了大量综合防治研究,但不同果区内该虫的发生情况和规律有很大差别,难以完全借鉴。因此,本文通过对苹果蠹蛾在辽宁省疫区的发生特点、抗性相关靶基因突变现状以及综合防控技术3个方面进行了研究,以期为该虫综合治理提供理论和现实指导。主要研究结果如下:1.辽宁省苹果蠹蛾发生特点通过对辽宁省彰武县苹果蠹蛾进行连续三年的监测调查,探明了苹果蠹蛾的发生规律。调查结果表明,苹果蠹蛾在辽宁省彰武县地区1年发生2代:第一代从5月中旬到9月下旬,越冬代从7月中旬到翌年6月下旬;从4月下旬至9月下旬,苹果蠹蛾成虫共有2次发生高峰:第1次为5月下旬,第2次为7月中旬至下旬;苹果蠹蛾在2016年全年内有2次明显的蛀果率高峰期:第1次为6月下旬至7月上旬,第2次为8月上旬。苹果蠹蛾幼虫从6月份开始脱果化蛹,蛹期为9.95±0.89d。幼虫在梨上取食偏好为:早酥梨苹果梨南果梨。老熟幼虫更趋向于脱果后直接掉落到地上再从地上沿着树干往上爬并在老翘皮下寻找合适位置化蛹。2.抗性相关靶基因突变检测通过对田间采集的4个辽宁省苹果蠹蛾地理种群进行乙酰胆碱酯酶基因Cpace1F399片段和钠离子通道基因L1014片段的PCR扩增及序列分析,结果表明,辽宁省4个苹果蠹蛾地理种群乙酰胆碱酯酶基因Cpacel 399位点均米发生F399V或其他突变,但钠离子通道基因1014位点均发生了 L1014F突变,表明该4个苹果蠹蛾地理种群可能对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂产生了抗性。3.综合防控技术研究采用农业防治和化学杀虫剂防治方法研究了对苹果蠹蛾的防治效果。结果表明:清洁果园能够显著降低苹果蠹蛾成虫发生;人工设置化蛹场所诱集苹果蠹蛾是有效的防治措施。其中,麻类植物纤维材质的麻布条人工化蛹场所对苹果蠹蛾老熟幼虫具有显著的诱集效果。在化学防治方面,马氰乳油表现较好的速效性,但持效性较差。
[Abstract]:Cydia pomonella L. Is one of the world's most important fruit pests, almost throughout the majority of apple and pear growing areas. Since Zhang Xuezu first reported the occurrence of the insect in Xinjiang in 1957, it has been distributed in Xinjiang, most of Gansu, and parts of Ningxia, Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang. The outbreak of the insect has also been detected in some areas of Liaoning Province since 2014, which poses a serious threat to fruit production in Liaoning Province and the dominant fruit regions around Bohai Bay. A large number of comprehensive control studies have been carried out at home and abroad, but the occurrence and regularity of this insect in different fruit areas are very different, so it is difficult to use for reference completely. Therefore, in this paper, the occurrence characteristics, the current status of resistance related target gene mutation and the comprehensive control techniques of the moth in Liaoning Province were studied in order to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the comprehensive management of the moth. The main results are as follows: 1. The occurrence characteristics of apple moth in Liaoning Province through monitoring and investigation of apple moth in Zhangwu County Liaoning Province for three years the occurrence regularity of apple moth was proved. The results showed that two generations of the moth occurred in a year in Zhangwu County, Liaoning Province: the first generation was from mid-May to late September, the winter generation was from mid-July to late June of the following year, and the period from late April to late September, and from late April to late September. There were two peaks of adult apple moth, the first from late May and the second from mid-July to late July, and the first from late June to early July, and the second from mid-July to late July, and there were two obvious fruit borer peaks in the whole year of 2016, the first was from late June to early July, and the second was from late June to early July, and the first was from late June to early July. The second time is early August. The pupal stage of the larva was 9.95 卤0.89 days. Larval feeding preference on pear is: Zaoshu pear, apple pear, Nanguo pear. The mature larvae tend to drop directly to the ground after taking off the fruit, then climb up the trunk from the ground and look for a suitable place to pupate. 2. The mutation of resistance-related target gene was detected by PCR amplification and sequence analysis of Cpace1F399 fragment of acetylcholinesterase gene and L1014 fragment of sodium channel gene in 4 populations of Helicus japonicus collected in the field. There were F399V or other mutations in the Cpacel 399 locus of four populations of the beetle moth in Liaoning Province, but L1014F mutation occurred at the 1014 locus of sodium channel gene. The results indicated that the geographic populations of the four beetle moths might be resistant to pyrethroid insecticides. The effects of agricultural control and chemical insecticide control were studied. The results showed that clean orchard could significantly reduce the occurrence of adult apple moth, and artificial pupation was an effective control measure. The artificial pupation of hemp cloth strips made of hemp fiber had a remarkable attraction effect on the mature larvae of the beetle moth. In the aspect of chemical control, melamine emulsifiable oil showed good quick effect, but poor persistence.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S436.6

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