电动变量施肥控制系统的设计与试验研究
发布时间：2018-10-08 08:02
【摘要】：变量施肥技术的快速发展在于能够显著提高化学肥料的利用率,通过按需变量施肥,能够减轻不科学施肥带来的环境问题,对降低农业生产成本的投入,具有显著的经济效益。本文设计一种应用于国产大豆精密播种机的电动变量施肥控制系统,利用小型直流电动机对单个排肥器进行单独控制,根据不同的地块信息和实际生产需求对每条垄沟变量施用肥料。本研究包括如下几个方面:(1)电动变量施肥控制系统以微处理器模块为核心,整个变量施肥控制系统由人机交互模块、电机驱动模块、测速模块和供电模块等组成。通过人机交互界面设定输入施肥量与反馈施肥量取差,通过控制器调节PWM占空比,控制排肥轴转速形成闭环控制。(2)利用临界比例方法对控制系统PID算法参数进行整定,分析系统控制算法的性能。电动变量施肥施肥试验台制作,通过室内静态施肥试验,试验表明:各行一致性的变异系数为3.1%,符合国家技术要求的≤13%,总排肥量稳定性变异系数为2.6%,符合国家技术要求的≤7.8%,满足农业机械施肥国家标准。(3)以排肥轴转速、槽轮有效工作长度、机具行驶速度为变量,通过单因素试验,得出排肥轴转速、槽轮有效工作长度、机具行驶速度对施肥量的影响显著。进行三因素二次回归正交旋转组合试验,通过回归分析、方差分析,得出排肥轴转速对施肥量影响最大,轴开度对施肥量影响次之,行驶速度对施肥量影响最小,变量施肥工作优化参数为排肥轴转速30r/min,轴开度为10mm,行驶速度为6.7km/h时,试验台施肥误差量最小。本文运用理论分析、计算机仿真、试验设计等方法对电动变量施肥控制系统进行分析,研究结果表明:该系统可以有效提高施肥精度,可以满足精准农业变量施肥控制要求。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of variable-rate fertilization technology lies in the fact that it can significantly improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer. By applying variable fertilizer on demand, the environmental problems brought by unscientific fertilization can be alleviated, and the investment in reducing the cost of agricultural production can be reduced with remarkable economic benefits. In this paper, a kind of electric variable rate fertilization control system applied to the domestic soybean precision seeder is designed. The single fertiliser is controlled by small DC motor. According to different plot information and actual production demand, fertilizer was applied to each furrow variable. The research includes the following aspects: (1) the core of the electric variable rate fertilization control system is microprocessor module, the whole variable rate fertilization control system is composed of man-machine interaction module, motor driving module, speed measuring module and power supply module. The difference between input fertilization and feedback fertilization is set by man-machine interaction interface, the duty cycle of PWM is adjusted by controller, and the speed of discharge shaft is controlled to form closed loop control. (2) the parameters of PID algorithm of control system are adjusted by critical proportion method. The performance of system control algorithm is analyzed. The electric variable rate fertilization test bench was made, and the indoor static fertilization test was carried out. The results show that the coefficient of variation of the consistency of each row is 3.1, the variation coefficient of stability of total fertilizer discharge is 2.6, the variation coefficient of stability of total fertilizer discharge is 2.6, the variation coefficient of stability of total fertilizer discharge is 2.6, and the coefficient of variation is 鈮，
本文编号：2256026
[Abstract]:The rapid development of variable-rate fertilization technology lies in the fact that it can significantly improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer. By applying variable fertilizer on demand, the environmental problems brought by unscientific fertilization can be alleviated, and the investment in reducing the cost of agricultural production can be reduced with remarkable economic benefits. In this paper, a kind of electric variable rate fertilization control system applied to the domestic soybean precision seeder is designed. The single fertiliser is controlled by small DC motor. According to different plot information and actual production demand, fertilizer was applied to each furrow variable. The research includes the following aspects: (1) the core of the electric variable rate fertilization control system is microprocessor module, the whole variable rate fertilization control system is composed of man-machine interaction module, motor driving module, speed measuring module and power supply module. The difference between input fertilization and feedback fertilization is set by man-machine interaction interface, the duty cycle of PWM is adjusted by controller, and the speed of discharge shaft is controlled to form closed loop control. (2) the parameters of PID algorithm of control system are adjusted by critical proportion method. The performance of system control algorithm is analyzed. The electric variable rate fertilization test bench was made, and the indoor static fertilization test was carried out. The results show that the coefficient of variation of the consistency of each row is 3.1, the variation coefficient of stability of total fertilizer discharge is 2.6, the variation coefficient of stability of total fertilizer discharge is 2.6, the variation coefficient of stability of total fertilizer discharge is 2.6, and the coefficient of variation is 鈮，
本文编号：2256026
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shoufeilunwen/zaizhiyanjiusheng/2256026.html
