丛枝菌根真菌对不同性别竞争模式下雌雄青杨的影响差异

发布时间：2018-10-17 16:17

【摘要】：AMF可与陆地上约80%的植物根系形成丛枝菌根共生体,并影响宿主植物的生长发育,而这种影响可能改变植物种间种内竞争差异,甚至影响雌雄异株植物性别间的竞争差异。本实验以不同性别竞争模式下的青杨(Populus cathayana)雌雄植株为研究对象,通过接种AMF,以研究AMF对雌雄植株的形态生长、生物量积累、气体交换特征、根系生理以及根茎叶元素含量的不同影响,旨在揭示AMF对青杨雌雄植株竞争关系的影响,为雌雄异株植物性别内和性别间竞争的内在机制提供一定的参考。主要结果如下:1.AMF对青杨雌雄植株形态生长、生物量积累的影响AMF的存在显著增加了雌雄植株的形态生长和生物量积累,并加大了同性竞争组雌雄植株之间的差异,而对异性竞争组雌雄之间的差异影响不显著。导致接种AMF后同性竞争组雌株部分形态和生物量显著高于雄株,而在对照组中两者无显著差异。异性竞争中,对照组与真菌处理组雌株的部分形态和生物量均高于雄株。另外,在对照组中,与同性竞争相比,异性竞争显著增加了雌雄植株的形态生长和生物量积累。并且,AMF显著降低了青杨雌雄植株(尤其是雌株)的根冠比和根茎比,加大了其地上部分的生物量比重。2.AMF对青杨雌雄植株气体交换特征和水分利用效率的影响接种AMF后,同性竞争中雌株的叶绿素a含量显著高于雄株,但在叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量方面差异不显著。并且,接种AMF有增大雌株Fv/Fm的趋势。另外,实验后期由于基质中营养物质的限制,一开始生长快速的真菌处理组的植物生长速率减缓,因此其光合速率等气体交换参数显著低于对照组,并且总体而言,雄株的光合速率相对高于雌株。但在水分利用效率方面,对照组与处理组中依然是雌株占据主要优势,并且,接种AMF显著提高了青杨雌雄植株的δ13C,但对雌雄性别内和性别间竞争差异无显著影响。3.AMF对青杨雌雄植株根系生理的影响对照组中硝酸还原酶活性在性别间以及不同竞争模式间均无显著差异,而在菌根处理组中,两种竞争模式下均为雄株大于雌株,并且相对于性别内竞争,性别间竞争增加了雌雄植株的硝酸还原酶活性。而性别竞争模式与接种AMF对雌雄植株根系活力均无显著影响。另外,接种AMF后雄株侵染率均高于雌株,而性别内竞争组雌雄侵染率分别高于性别间竞争组雌雄植株。4.AMF对青杨雌雄植株元素含量的影响接种AMF增加了叶片碳元素含量,而对根茎碳元素含量无显著影响。并且,在根碳含量方面,对照组中性别内竞争组雌株大于雄株,而其性别间竞争组雌株显著低于雄株。同样的变化也存在于菌根处理组的雌雄植株根碳含量方面。另外,接种AMF显著降低了雌雄植株的根茎氮含量,以及性别内竞争组雌雄植株的叶氮含量。并且,在对照组性别间竞争中,均是雄株根茎氮含量高于雌株,而在性别内竞争组中,雄株叶氮含量显著高于雌株。这些结果表明,AMF对青杨雌雄植株的生长总体表现为促进作用,并且加大了性别内竞争中雌雄植株之间的差异,而对性别间竞争影响不显著。此外,与性别内竞争相比,对照组中的性别间竞争总体上促进了雌雄植株的生长,并使雌株获得更有利的竞争优势。
[Abstract]:AMF can form arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiont with about 80% of plant root system on land, and influence the growth and development of host plants. The effects of AMF on morphological growth, biomass accumulation, gas exchange characteristics, root physiology and the content of roots and leaves of male and female plants were studied. The aim of this paper is to reveal the influence of AMF on the competitive relationship between male and female plants, and to provide some references for the intrinsic mechanism of intersex and inter-sex competition among different plants. The main results are as follows: 1. AMF significantly increases the morphological growth and biomass accumulation of male and female plants, and increases the difference between male and female plants in same-sex competition group. However, the difference between male and female was not significant. The morphological and biomass of female strains of same-sex competition group were significantly higher than that of male strain after inoculation with AMF, but there was no significant difference in the control group. In the opposite sex competition, the part morphology and biomass of the female strains of the control group and the fungus treatment group were higher than that of the male strains. In addition, in the control group, the opposite sex competition significantly increased the morphological growth and biomass accumulation of male and female plants as compared with same-sex competition. Moreover, AMF significantly reduced the root and root ratios of male and female plants (especially female strains), and increased the biomass specific gravity of the aerial parts. After the AMF was inoculated with AMF on the characteristics of gas exchange and water use efficiency of the male and female plants of Populus euphratica, The chlorophyll a content of female plants in same-sex competition was significantly higher than that of male plants, but there was no significant difference between chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content. Moreover, the inoculation of AMF had a tendency to increase Fv/ Fm of female plants. In addition, due to the limitation of nutrient in the matrix, the plant growth rate of a rapidly growing fungus treatment group was slowed down at the beginning of the experiment, so the gas exchange parameters, such as the photosynthetic rate, were significantly lower than that of the control group, and in general, the photosynthetic rate of the male plants was higher than that of the female strains. However, in terms of water use efficiency, the control group and the treatment group still dominate the female plant, and the inoculation of AMF significantly increased the number of male and female plants in the male and female plants. However, there was no significant effect on the difference between sex and sex of male and female. In both competitive models, male plants were larger than female strains, and competition in sex and sex competition increased the nitrate reductase activity of male and female plants. However, the model of gender competition and the inoculation of AMF had no significant effect on the root activity of male and female plants. In addition, the infection rate of male plants inoculated with AMF was higher than that of female strains, while the rate of male and female infection in the gender-based competition group was higher than that of the male and female plants in the intersex competition group. The effect of AMF on the content of the elements in the male and female plants of the young poplar increased the content of the carbon elements of the leaves, but no significant influence on the content of the roots and carbon elements. Moreover, in the control group, the female strain was higher than male strain in the control group and the female strain was significantly lower than male strain in the control group. The same changes also exist in the root carbon content of male and female plants in mycorrhizal treatment groups. In addition, the inoculation of AMF significantly reduced the root nitrogen content of male and female plants, as well as the leaf nitrogen content of male and female plants in the gender-based competition group. Moreover, in the control group, the nitrogen content of the male plant was higher than that of the female, while in the sex competition group, the nitrogen content of the male plant was significantly higher than that of the female. These results showed that AMF promoted the overall growth of male and female plants, and increased the difference between male and female plants in gender-based competition, while the effect on gender-to-sex competition was not significant. In addition, the inter-sex competition in the control group, in general, promoted the growth of male and female plants as compared with gender-based competition, and gave the female strain a more favorable competitive advantage.
【学位授予单位】：西华师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S792.113

【参考文献】