增食对布氏田鼠种群数量及遗传多样性的效应
发布时间：2018-10-18 07:50
【摘要】：草原生态系统属于陆地生态系统,生物多样性丰富,在畜牧业生产中起着重要作用,因此维护草原生态系统平衡对畜牧业发展有重大意义。鼠害是影响草原生态系统平衡的主要因素之一,其不仅破坏草原生态系统的平衡,还会对我国农业和畜牧业造成重大经济损失。布氏田鼠是我国内蒙古草原的优势鼠种,当其数量过多时会对草原和草原生态系统造成严重破坏。影响动物种群数量的因素较多,食物丰度是草原生态系统中主要的环境因素之一,食物丰度是否会影响草原生态系统鼠类种群数量,是否会对草原害鼠种群的遗传多样性产生影响等问题还未见报道。本研究以内蒙古草原动物实验研究站环境因子可控围栏的布氏田鼠种群为材料,利用10个多态性丰富、扩增效果好的微卫星位点检测布氏田鼠种群的遗传多样性,分析食物丰度对布氏田鼠种群遗传结构的调控效应。本实验分别以增食围栏和对照围栏中布氏田鼠种群的脚趾为材料,采用常规的酚/氯仿抽提法提取布氏田鼠的基因组DNA,用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测提取的基因组DNA;用提取效果较好的DNA为模板,用带有荧光标记(FAM或HEX)的引物进行PCR扩增,以ROX-500为分子量内标,用3730XL测序仪进行毛细管电泳,对所检测微卫星位点进行基因分型,用Popgene软件、PIC-CALC软件、GenAlEx6.502、MEGA4x1软件对每个位点的等位基因数(Na),有效等位基因数(Ne),观测杂合度(Ho),期望杂合度(He),多态信息含量(PIC),Shannon指数等遗传多样性指标进行统计分析。由统计结果可知,增食围栏和对照围栏布氏田鼠种群的平均等位基因数分别为8和5.3,平均有效等位基因数分别为4.7677和3.7943,平均观测杂合度分别为0.71和0.6167,平均期望杂合度分别为0.7789和0.6871,平均多态信息含量分别为0.7354和0.6226,平均香农指数分别为1.6996和1.3407。将各指标进行差异显著性分析可知,增食围栏种群的遗传多样性均显著高于对照围栏种群的遗传多样性(P0.05)。将增食围栏和对照围栏布氏田鼠的种群数量进行比较,增食围栏种群的增长速度高于对照围栏种群,对种群数量进行差异显著性分析可知,增食围栏布氏田鼠种群数量显著高于对照围栏种群数量(P0.05)。本研究结果可知,食物丰度会影响动物种群的遗传结构,进而调控动物种群数量的变化。该结果有助于进一步理解动物种群数量波动的遗传调控机制,同时可为草原鼠害的综合防控以及草原和草原生态系统的保护提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:Grassland ecosystem is a terrestrial ecosystem with rich biodiversity and plays an important role in animal husbandry production. Therefore, maintaining the balance of grassland ecosystem is of great significance to the development of animal husbandry. Rodent damage is one of the main factors affecting the balance of grassland ecosystem, which not only destroys the balance of grassland ecosystem, but also causes great economic losses to agriculture and animal husbandry in China. Prairie vole is the dominant species of prairie in Inner Mongolia, which will seriously damage the grassland and grassland ecosystem when its population is excessive. Food abundance is one of the main environmental factors in grassland ecosystem. Whether it will affect the genetic diversity of rodent populations has not been reported. In this study, the population of Brucella vole with controlled fences of environmental factors in Inner Mongolia grassland animal experimental station was used to detect the genetic diversity of Brucella vole population by using 10 microsatellite sites with rich polymorphism and good amplification effect. To analyze the effect of food abundance on the genetic structure of Brucella vole population. In this experiment, the toes of Bruccinia vole population in the feeding fence and the control fence were used as materials, respectively. The genomic DNA, of brucelis vole was extracted by the routine phenol / chloroform extraction method. The genomic DNA; extracted by agarose gel electrophoresis was amplified by PCR with primers with fluorescent marker (FAM or HEX). The microsatellite loci were genotyped by capillary electrophoresis using ROX-500 as molecular weight internal standard and 3730XL sequencer. Popgene, PIC-CALC and GenAlEx6.502,MEGA4x1 software were used to analyze the genetic diversity indexes such as (Ho), expected heterozygosity (Ho), (He), polymorphism information content (PIC), Shannon index) and so on. The number of (Na), effective alleles at each locus was analyzed statistically. According to the statistical results, The average number of alleles, effective alleles, observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 8 and 5.3, 4.7677 and 3.7943, 0.71 and 0.6167, respectively, and the average expected heterozygosity were 0.7789 and 0.6871, respectively. The average polymorphic information content was 0.7354 and 0.6226, and the average Shannon index was 1.6996 and 1.3407 respectively. The results showed that the genetic diversity of the fencing population was significantly higher than that of the control (P0.05). The population growth rate of the increased feeding fence population was higher than that of the control fence population compared with that of the control fence, and the difference between the population numbers was statistically significant. The population of Brucus vole was significantly higher than that of the control (P0.05). The results show that food abundance will affect the genetic structure of animal population and then regulate the change of animal population. The results are helpful to further understand the genetic regulation mechanism of animal population fluctuation and provide scientific basis for the comprehensive control of rodent damage in grassland and the protection of grassland and grassland ecosystem.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S812.6
本文编号：2278477
[Abstract]:Grassland ecosystem is a terrestrial ecosystem with rich biodiversity and plays an important role in animal husbandry production. Therefore, maintaining the balance of grassland ecosystem is of great significance to the development of animal husbandry. Rodent damage is one of the main factors affecting the balance of grassland ecosystem, which not only destroys the balance of grassland ecosystem, but also causes great economic losses to agriculture and animal husbandry in China. Prairie vole is the dominant species of prairie in Inner Mongolia, which will seriously damage the grassland and grassland ecosystem when its population is excessive. Food abundance is one of the main environmental factors in grassland ecosystem. Whether it will affect the genetic diversity of rodent populations has not been reported. In this study, the population of Brucella vole with controlled fences of environmental factors in Inner Mongolia grassland animal experimental station was used to detect the genetic diversity of Brucella vole population by using 10 microsatellite sites with rich polymorphism and good amplification effect. To analyze the effect of food abundance on the genetic structure of Brucella vole population. In this experiment, the toes of Bruccinia vole population in the feeding fence and the control fence were used as materials, respectively. The genomic DNA, of brucelis vole was extracted by the routine phenol / chloroform extraction method. The genomic DNA; extracted by agarose gel electrophoresis was amplified by PCR with primers with fluorescent marker (FAM or HEX). The microsatellite loci were genotyped by capillary electrophoresis using ROX-500 as molecular weight internal standard and 3730XL sequencer. Popgene, PIC-CALC and GenAlEx6.502,MEGA4x1 software were used to analyze the genetic diversity indexes such as (Ho), expected heterozygosity (Ho), (He), polymorphism information content (PIC), Shannon index) and so on. The number of (Na), effective alleles at each locus was analyzed statistically. According to the statistical results, The average number of alleles, effective alleles, observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 8 and 5.3, 4.7677 and 3.7943, 0.71 and 0.6167, respectively, and the average expected heterozygosity were 0.7789 and 0.6871, respectively. The average polymorphic information content was 0.7354 and 0.6226, and the average Shannon index was 1.6996 and 1.3407 respectively. The results showed that the genetic diversity of the fencing population was significantly higher than that of the control (P0.05). The population growth rate of the increased feeding fence population was higher than that of the control fence population compared with that of the control fence, and the difference between the population numbers was statistically significant. The population of Brucus vole was significantly higher than that of the control (P0.05). The results show that food abundance will affect the genetic structure of animal population and then regulate the change of animal population. The results are helpful to further understand the genetic regulation mechanism of animal population fluctuation and provide scientific basis for the comprehensive control of rodent damage in grassland and the protection of grassland and grassland ecosystem.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S812.6
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