变量喷药控制系统的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-10-24 18:11

【摘要】：目前,农业生产过程中,随着农业信息化技术的发展,精准农业凭借其低耗、环保等诸多优势,已成为农业现代化发展的必然趋势。变量喷药技术是精准农业的重要研究领域,而变量喷药控制系统的设计是变量喷药技术的重要组成部分。现阶段已有的变量喷药控制系统大多是通过PWM以及调节系统压力等调节方式改变系统喷药量,这些系统普遍具有设计成本较高、实现难度较大等缺点。基于上述背景,本文设计了一种基于多喷头组合的变量喷药控制系统,该系统能够快速响应喷药量决策信息,执行变量喷药任务。设计通过控制三路喷头的组合方式实现变量喷药,喷药量可调节范围较宽,同时省去了电动阀、ARM等价格昂贵的硬件设备,设计成本较低。系统以单片机STC12C5A60S2为核心处理器,单片机通过无线通信模块实时接收上位机传来的杂草分布决策信息,进而控制不同喷头的开闭组合以实现7种瞬时喷药量不同的变量喷药功能。同时,在喷药控制系统正常作业过程中,系统设计了霍尔流量,速度,压力,液位等信息反馈模块,通过液晶显示屏实时显示喷药控制系统工作状态,当喷药控制系统任意部分发生故障时,核心处理器及时触发报警电路,进而通知工作人员及时检修,避免损失。为了验证本文设计的多喷头组合变量喷药控制系统的可行性与有效性,本课题组在喷雾性能综合试验台上搭建了多喷头组合变量喷药控制系统,并进行了相应试验工作。通过对试验数据的分析表明:本论文所设计的喷药控制系统喷药量可调节范围宽,误差小,喷药响应速度快。综上所述,变量喷药控制系统具有操作简单、响应迅速、成本较低、便于推广,节约农药、保护生态环境等诸多优势,为我国变量喷药控制技术的发展提供了理论基础和技术支持。
[Abstract]:At present, with the development of agricultural information technology, precision agriculture has become an inevitable trend of agricultural modernization with its advantages of low consumption and environmental protection. Variable spraying technology is an important research field in precision agriculture, and the design of variable spraying control system is an important part of variable spraying technology. At present, most of the existing variable spray control systems change the amount of spray by means of PWM and regulating system pressure. These systems generally have the disadvantages of high design cost and difficulty in implementation. Based on the above background, a variable spray control system based on multi-nozzle combination is designed in this paper. The system can quickly respond to the decision information of spray amount and perform variable spray tasks. The variable spray is realized by controlling the combination of three spray heads, and the amount of spray can be adjusted in a wide range. At the same time, the expensive hardware equipment such as electric valve and ARM are eliminated, and the design cost is lower. The system takes STC12C5A60S2 as the core processor, and the MCU receives the weed distribution decision information from the upper computer through the wireless communication module in real time, and then controls the opening and closing combination of different sprinklers to realize the variable spraying function of 7 kinds of instantaneous spraying quantity. At the same time, during the normal operation of the spray control system, Hall flow rate, speed, pressure, liquid level and other information feedback modules are designed to display the working state of the spray control system in real time through liquid crystal display. When any part of the spray control system breaks down, the core processor triggers the alarm circuit in time, and then informs the staff to repair in time to avoid the loss. In order to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the multi-nozzle combined variable spray control system designed in this paper, a multi-nozzle combined variable spray control system was set up on the spray performance comprehensive test rig, and the corresponding experimental work was carried out. Through the analysis of the test data, it is shown that the spray control system designed in this paper has the advantages of wide adjustable range, small error and fast spray response speed. To sum up, variable spray control system has many advantages, such as simple operation, quick response, low cost, easy to popularize, saving pesticide, protecting ecological environment, etc. It provides theoretical basis and technical support for the development of variable spray control technology in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S49;TP273

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