南京地区稻田水热通量监测与模拟
发布时间：2018-10-30 10:27
【摘要】：稻田水热通量对量化区域水热平衡、物质交换和气候变化研究具有重要意义。本文基于2013、2014年南京信息工程大学农业气象试验站的稻田通量观测试验,通过修正涡度相关数据,并结合实测及多种计算方法估算稻田水热通量,探究各方法估算稻田通量有效性。并考虑了储热项、表面层阻力、土壤热通量、稳定度等因子,采用PM模型理论分析潜热估算误差源；涡度观测中采用回归分析分析下垫面结构、通量贡献率以及辐射强迫项对涡度相关测量误差,并着重分析源外通量模拟和贡献率对涡度数据观测误差。基于涡度相关数据针对稻田干湿交替特性采用统计回归分析、典型天气对比和模型模拟研究了水层厚度变化对稻田能量分配的差异。主要结论如下：(1)以蒸渗计数据为准,对比分析涡度相关方法、涡度波文比能量平衡法、梯度波文比能量平衡法和廓线理论方法得到：各方法潜热通量皆存在不同程度的低估,其中涡度数据与蒸渗计数据最为接近；受稻田能量缺失及水面热通量定量误差的影响,导致波文比能量平衡不及廓线理论方法；显热通量计算也有相似表现。(2)PM模型误差分析表明储热项对蒸散模拟影响较大,其中移栽-拔节期水层储热作用大于成熟期；稳定度对蒸散模拟较小,各时期以近中性和弱稳定性为主的边界层层结导致稳定度修正效果表现为略微降低,变幅小于0.005mm·h-。涡度相关回归误差分析表明：测量误差受辐射强迫项较大；下垫面结构改变,表现为增大叶面积及降低水层深度也将增大测量误差。源外通量观测误差及足迹贡献率分析表明稻田贡献率与风向、稳定度相关,平均贡献率为63%。对涡度数据采用贡献率修正各项指标大都有更好表现。采用能量闭合修正潜热和显热有所提高,且显热提升幅度更大。(3)稻田能量分配中重点考虑了水层厚度变化。各通量与气象因子、水层厚度的回归分析表明水层厚度改变能量分配,其中白天潜热7：00-13：00随水层厚度增加而减小；6：00-14：00显热略有增加,水面热通量白天也随水深增加,夜间各能量项趋势相反。典型天气通量对比得出：水层厚度增加增大水层储热,而从增加水面热通量；可利用能量(Rn-Qs)的降低改变上层潜热和显热分配,白天潜热随水层厚度增加而降低。由于水层厚度和冠层结构差异,稀疏期的能量分配差异更加明显。显热受量级和仪器监测影响未见规律性变化。采用双源模型模拟水面和冠层对总潜热贡献表明：水层厚度增加主要抑制水面潜热,而对冠层潜热作用稍小。
[Abstract]:The water and heat flux of paddy field is of great significance to the study of water and heat balance, material exchange and climate change. In this paper, based on the flux observation test of paddy field at the agricultural meteorological test station of Nanjing University of Information Engineering in 2013 and 2014, the authors estimate the water and heat flux of rice field by modifying the vorticity data and combining with the measured data and various calculation methods. To explore the effectiveness of various methods for estimating paddy flux. The factors such as heat storage term, surface layer resistance, soil heat flux and stability were considered, and the error sources of latent heat estimation were analyzed by PM model theory. Regression analysis of the underlying surface structure, flux contribution rate and radiation forcing term is used to measure vorticity correlation error in vorticity observation, and the simulation of flux outside the source and the observation error of contribution rate to vorticity data are analyzed emphatically. Based on the vorticity correlation data, the statistical regression analysis was used to analyze the dry and wet alternation characteristics of paddy fields. The difference of water layer thickness on the energy distribution of paddy fields was studied by comparison of typical weather and model. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) based on the evapoosmometer data, the vorticity correlation method, the vorticity Bowen specific energy balance method, are compared and analyzed. The gradient wave specific energy balance method and the profile theory method show that the latent heat flux of each method is underestimated to some extent, and the vorticity data is the closest to the evapoosmometer data. Under the influence of energy deficiency in paddy field and quantitative error of water surface heat flux, the energy balance of Bowen ratio is not as good as that of profile theory. (2) PM model error analysis showed that the heat storage term had a great influence on the simulation of evapotranspiration, and the heat storage effect of water layer in transplanting-jointing stage was greater than that in mature stage. The effect of stability on evapotranspiration simulation is small, and the effect of stability correction is slightly lower than that of 0.005mm h-22 due to the near neutral and weak stability boundary layer junctions in each period. The regression analysis of vorticity correlation shows that the measurement error is greatly influenced by radiation forcing, and the change of the underlying surface structure shows that increasing the leaf area and reducing the depth of the water layer will also increase the measurement error. The analysis of the observation error and footprint contribution rate of the flux out of the source shows that the contribution rate of the paddy field is related to the wind direction and the stability, and the average contribution rate is 63. The contribution rate is used to modify the vorticity data. The modified latent heat and sensible heat by energy closure are improved, and the sensible heat is increased more. (3) the variation of water layer thickness is taken into account in the energy distribution of paddy field. The regression analysis of various fluxes and meteorological factors and water layer thickness showed that the water layer thickness changed the energy distribution, and the daytime latent heat of 7: 00-13: 00 decreased with the increase of water layer thickness. The sensible heat of 6: 00-14: 00 increases slightly, and the water surface heat flux increases with the water depth in the daytime, and the trend of each energy item in the night is opposite. The comparison of typical weather fluxes shows that the increase of water layer thickness increases the water layer heat storage flux, and the decrease of energy (Rn-Qs) can change the upper latent heat and sensible heat distribution, and the daytime latent heat decreases with the increase of water layer thickness. Because of the difference of water layer thickness and canopy structure, the difference of energy distribution in sparse period is more obvious. There is no regular change of sensible heat under the influence of order of magnitude and instrument monitoring. The double source model is used to simulate the contribution of water surface and canopy to the total latent heat. The results show that the increase of water layer thickness mainly inhibits the latent heat of water surface, but has little effect on the latent heat of the canopy.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S511;S162.53
[Abstract]:The water and heat flux of paddy field is of great significance to the study of water and heat balance, material exchange and climate change. In this paper, based on the flux observation test of paddy field at the agricultural meteorological test station of Nanjing University of Information Engineering in 2013 and 2014, the authors estimate the water and heat flux of rice field by modifying the vorticity data and combining with the measured data and various calculation methods. To explore the effectiveness of various methods for estimating paddy flux. The factors such as heat storage term, surface layer resistance, soil heat flux and stability were considered, and the error sources of latent heat estimation were analyzed by PM model theory. Regression analysis of the underlying surface structure, flux contribution rate and radiation forcing term is used to measure vorticity correlation error in vorticity observation, and the simulation of flux outside the source and the observation error of contribution rate to vorticity data are analyzed emphatically. Based on the vorticity correlation data, the statistical regression analysis was used to analyze the dry and wet alternation characteristics of paddy fields. The difference of water layer thickness on the energy distribution of paddy fields was studied by comparison of typical weather and model. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) based on the evapoosmometer data, the vorticity correlation method, the vorticity Bowen specific energy balance method, are compared and analyzed. The gradient wave specific energy balance method and the profile theory method show that the latent heat flux of each method is underestimated to some extent, and the vorticity data is the closest to the evapoosmometer data. Under the influence of energy deficiency in paddy field and quantitative error of water surface heat flux, the energy balance of Bowen ratio is not as good as that of profile theory. (2) PM model error analysis showed that the heat storage term had a great influence on the simulation of evapotranspiration, and the heat storage effect of water layer in transplanting-jointing stage was greater than that in mature stage. The effect of stability on evapotranspiration simulation is small, and the effect of stability correction is slightly lower than that of 0.005mm h-22 due to the near neutral and weak stability boundary layer junctions in each period. The regression analysis of vorticity correlation shows that the measurement error is greatly influenced by radiation forcing, and the change of the underlying surface structure shows that increasing the leaf area and reducing the depth of the water layer will also increase the measurement error. The analysis of the observation error and footprint contribution rate of the flux out of the source shows that the contribution rate of the paddy field is related to the wind direction and the stability, and the average contribution rate is 63. The contribution rate is used to modify the vorticity data. The modified latent heat and sensible heat by energy closure are improved, and the sensible heat is increased more. (3) the variation of water layer thickness is taken into account in the energy distribution of paddy field. The regression analysis of various fluxes and meteorological factors and water layer thickness showed that the water layer thickness changed the energy distribution, and the daytime latent heat of 7: 00-13: 00 decreased with the increase of water layer thickness. The sensible heat of 6: 00-14: 00 increases slightly, and the water surface heat flux increases with the water depth in the daytime, and the trend of each energy item in the night is opposite. The comparison of typical weather fluxes shows that the increase of water layer thickness increases the water layer heat storage flux, and the decrease of energy (Rn-Qs) can change the upper latent heat and sensible heat distribution, and the daytime latent heat decreases with the increase of water layer thickness. Because of the difference of water layer thickness and canopy structure, the difference of energy distribution in sparse period is more obvious. There is no regular change of sensible heat under the influence of order of magnitude and instrument monitoring. The double source model is used to simulate the contribution of water surface and canopy to the total latent heat. The results show that the increase of water layer thickness mainly inhibits the latent heat of water surface, but has little effect on the latent heat of the canopy.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S511;S162.53
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