NaCl胁迫和氮素添加耦合对豌豆幼苗根际激发效应的影响
发布时间：2018-11-04 16:11
【摘要】：近年来,土壤盐渍化严重地影响了作物的产量和土地的可持续利用,探讨能有效缓解土壤盐渍化给植物造成危害的方法,对提高作物产量具有重要的科学意义。本文以两个不同品种豌豆幼苗为实验材料,分析NaCl胁迫和氮素添加耦合对植物生长、根际呼吸、根际土壤性质的影响,探讨豌豆幼苗根际激发效应对NaCl胁迫和氮素添加耦合的响应机制,为非生物因素对豆科植物根际激发效应的发生机理提供科学依据,同时,为缓解豆科植物的盐分胁迫提供有效的调控措施。1.在同一N浓度下,两个品种豌豆幼苗地上部、根冠比、地上部含水量和株高随着NaCl施加浓度增加而降低;而根冠比,在同一盐浓度下,随着施N浓度增加呈先增后降低的趋势。在中度盐胁迫和150mgN耦合处理下,两个品种豌豆幼苗根干重、根长和根表面积显著增加;品种间Ha豌豆幼苗根干重和根长、根表面积大于银碗1号;在重度盐胁迫和300mgN耦合处理下,根干重、根长和根冠比受到了抑制,适度N添加有利于缓解盐胁迫对植物生长的影响。2.随着NaCl浓度的增加,两个豌豆幼苗地上部Na+、Cl-、K+和Ca2+的浓度逐渐增加,K+/Na+和Ca2+/Na+比减少(p0.05),说明盐分胁迫扰乱了植物地上部离子平衡,而N添加处理下,豌豆幼苗地上部Na+和Cl-含量减少;仅添加150mgN处理与仅中度盐胁迫处理相比,提高了K+/Na+,且Ha地上部K+/Na+明显高于银碗1号,但中度和重度盐胁迫分别与不同氮添加量耦合处理下,K+/Na+并未提高。3.同一盐浓度下,随着施氮量的增加,土壤总呼吸量和根际呼吸量均呈现先增后减的趋势;同一施N浓度下,随着NaCl浓度的增加,土壤总呼吸量和根际呼吸量也呈现先增后减的趋势。与无盐胁迫和不添加N耦合处理相比,中度盐胁迫和150mgN耦合提高了土壤总呼吸量和根际呼吸量,而重度盐胁迫和300mgN耦合则抑制了土壤总呼吸量和根际呼吸量,土壤总呼吸量由大到小顺序为:种植Ha种植银碗1号不种植物的土壤。随着培养天数的增加,盐胁迫和氮素耦合条件下,种植植物的土壤和不种植物的土壤呼吸速率均呈逐渐降低的趋势。4.与不种植物相比,同一盐浓度下,在添加150mgN时,种植植物的土壤微生物C含量和脲酶活性最高,土壤产生的CO2量较高,产生了较强的正根际激发效,尤其在中度盐胁迫与150mgN耦合处理,正根际激发效最大。说明适度的NaCl胁迫和N素添加耦合促进了土壤微生物量的增加和土壤有机C的矿化,产生正根际激发效应。中度盐胁迫和150mgN耦合处理下,Ha与银碗1号相比,根际微生物C和酶活性较高,可能产生了较强的正根际激发效应。不种植物土壤与种植物土壤相比,微生物量C和酶活性降低,土壤有机C减少量较少,产生的CO2较少,表明产生了负激发效应。
[Abstract]:In recent years, soil salinization has seriously affected crop yield and sustainable use of land. It is of great scientific significance to explore methods that can effectively mitigate the harm caused by soil salinization to plants. The effects of NaCl stress and nitrogen addition coupling on plant growth, rhizosphere respiration and soil properties of two different varieties of pea were studied in this paper. To explore the response mechanism of rhizosphere excitation effect of pea seedlings to NaCl stress and nitrogen addition, to provide scientific basis for the occurrence mechanism of abiotic factors on legume rhizosphere excitation effect. In order to alleviate the salt stress of leguminous plants to provide effective control measures. 1. Under the same N concentration, the shoot, root to shoot ratio, shoot water content and plant height of two pea seedlings decreased with the increase of NaCl concentration, while the root to shoot ratio increased first and then decreased with the increase of N concentration at the same concentration of N. Under moderate salt stress and 150mgN coupling treatment, the root dry weight, root length and root surface area of two varieties of pea seedlings increased significantly, and the root dry weight and root length of Ha seedlings were larger than that of Yinwan 1. Under severe salt stress and 300mgN coupling treatment, root dry weight, root length and root-shoot ratio were inhibited, and moderate N addition was beneficial to alleviate the effect of salt stress on plant growth. 2. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the concentrations of Na, Cl-,K and Ca2 in shoot of two pea seedlings increased gradually, and K / Na and Ca2 / Na ratio decreased (p0.05). The contents of Na and Cl- in shoot of pea seedlings decreased. K / Na was increased by adding only 150mgN, and K / Na in Ha shoot was significantly higher than that in Yinwan No. 1, but K / Na was not increased under moderate and severe salt stress and different nitrogen addition. Under the same salt concentration, the soil total respiration and rhizosphere respiration increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the soil total respiration and rhizosphere respiration increased first and then decreased at the same N concentration. Compared with non-salt stress and N coupling treatment, moderate salt stress and 150mgN coupling increased soil total respiration and rhizosphere respiration, while severe salt stress and 300mgN coupling inhibited soil total respiration and rhizosphere respiration. The order of soil total respiration was: planting Ha, planting Silverbowl No.1 soil. With the increase of culture days, the soil respiration rate of plant and non-plant decreased gradually under the condition of salt stress and nitrogen coupling. 4. Under the same salt concentration, the soil microbial C content and urease activity were the highest, and the amount of CO2 produced by the soil was higher than that of the non-plant, and the positive rhizosphere excitation effect was higher than that in the same salt concentration, and when the 150mgN was added to the plant, the soil microbial C content and urease activity were the highest. Especially in the medium salt stress and 150mgN coupling treatment, the positive rhizosphere excitation effect was the highest. The results showed that moderate NaCl stress and N addition promoted the increase of soil microbial biomass and the mineralization of soil organic C, which resulted in positive rhizosphere excitation effect. Under moderate salt stress and 150mgN coupling treatment, the activity of C and enzyme in rhizosphere of Ha was higher than that of Yinban-1, which may have a strong positive rhizosphere excitation effect. Compared with other plant soils, microbial biomass C and enzyme activity decreased, soil organic C decreased less and CO2 was less, which indicated that there was a negative excitation effect.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S643.3
本文编号：2310390
[Abstract]:In recent years, soil salinization has seriously affected crop yield and sustainable use of land. It is of great scientific significance to explore methods that can effectively mitigate the harm caused by soil salinization to plants. The effects of NaCl stress and nitrogen addition coupling on plant growth, rhizosphere respiration and soil properties of two different varieties of pea were studied in this paper. To explore the response mechanism of rhizosphere excitation effect of pea seedlings to NaCl stress and nitrogen addition, to provide scientific basis for the occurrence mechanism of abiotic factors on legume rhizosphere excitation effect. In order to alleviate the salt stress of leguminous plants to provide effective control measures. 1. Under the same N concentration, the shoot, root to shoot ratio, shoot water content and plant height of two pea seedlings decreased with the increase of NaCl concentration, while the root to shoot ratio increased first and then decreased with the increase of N concentration at the same concentration of N. Under moderate salt stress and 150mgN coupling treatment, the root dry weight, root length and root surface area of two varieties of pea seedlings increased significantly, and the root dry weight and root length of Ha seedlings were larger than that of Yinwan 1. Under severe salt stress and 300mgN coupling treatment, root dry weight, root length and root-shoot ratio were inhibited, and moderate N addition was beneficial to alleviate the effect of salt stress on plant growth. 2. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the concentrations of Na, Cl-,K and Ca2 in shoot of two pea seedlings increased gradually, and K / Na and Ca2 / Na ratio decreased (p0.05). The contents of Na and Cl- in shoot of pea seedlings decreased. K / Na was increased by adding only 150mgN, and K / Na in Ha shoot was significantly higher than that in Yinwan No. 1, but K / Na was not increased under moderate and severe salt stress and different nitrogen addition. Under the same salt concentration, the soil total respiration and rhizosphere respiration increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the soil total respiration and rhizosphere respiration increased first and then decreased at the same N concentration. Compared with non-salt stress and N coupling treatment, moderate salt stress and 150mgN coupling increased soil total respiration and rhizosphere respiration, while severe salt stress and 300mgN coupling inhibited soil total respiration and rhizosphere respiration. The order of soil total respiration was: planting Ha, planting Silverbowl No.1 soil. With the increase of culture days, the soil respiration rate of plant and non-plant decreased gradually under the condition of salt stress and nitrogen coupling. 4. Under the same salt concentration, the soil microbial C content and urease activity were the highest, and the amount of CO2 produced by the soil was higher than that of the non-plant, and the positive rhizosphere excitation effect was higher than that in the same salt concentration, and when the 150mgN was added to the plant, the soil microbial C content and urease activity were the highest. Especially in the medium salt stress and 150mgN coupling treatment, the positive rhizosphere excitation effect was the highest. The results showed that moderate NaCl stress and N addition promoted the increase of soil microbial biomass and the mineralization of soil organic C, which resulted in positive rhizosphere excitation effect. Under moderate salt stress and 150mgN coupling treatment, the activity of C and enzyme in rhizosphere of Ha was higher than that of Yinban-1, which may have a strong positive rhizosphere excitation effect. Compared with other plant soils, microbial biomass C and enzyme activity decreased, soil organic C decreased less and CO2 was less, which indicated that there was a negative excitation effect.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S643.3
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