甘肃省栽培宽叶羌活质量评价及药材预处理方式的研究

发布时间：2018-11-10 07:42

【摘要】：本文从羌活的地理分布、资源现状、人工驯化及栽培、化学成分、质量控制及药理学特性等方面阐述了此种药用植物的研究概况,总结了羌活的研究成果,发现目前还缺乏羌活人工驯化及栽培、药材品质提升及预处理的一个系统性的研究。针对羌活相关研究存在的不足,提出了羌活驯化后的药材品质、最适栽培年限、适种区分布、药材品质与生态因子的关系、药材预处理方式及条件的系统性研究方法。以甘肃省栽培宽叶羌活主要产区(定西、陇南、甘南)的野生、栽培两年、栽培三年的宽叶羌活根系为材料,分别测定根系的生物量指标(根鲜重、根干重、主根长及直径)以及主要活性物质(羌活醇、异欧前胡素、挥发油、浸出物、多糖、总灰分及酸不溶性灰分)的含量,以此为指标对野生与栽培、栽培两年与三年、不同产地栽培两年以及不同干燥方式处理的宽叶羌活品质进行评估;同时采集土壤样品,分析测定土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、有效磷、速效钾等5种营养指标的含量,分析检测土壤容重、pH、土壤团粒结构(粘粒、粉粒、砂粒的比重)等物理指标。通过Pearson相关、冗余分析(RDA)方法分析化学成分与土壤因子间的相关性。取得以下主要结果如下:(1)对比野生羌活与栽培羌活的产量及品质,栽培羌活的产量及活性物质总量显著高于野生羌活,栽培羌活的品质较优。(2)对比不同产地栽培两年宽叶羌活的产量及品质,马营、碌坝、陈塄坎以及甘布塔样地宽叶羌活样品的产量较高,单位重量样品中活性物质的相对含量较高,整体品质较优,陇南地区、甘南高原为宽叶羌活推广栽培的理想选址。(3)分析栽培宽叶羌活中化学成分含量与生态因子的关系,有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、容重、pH、海拔、温度等因子是影响宽叶羌活中活性物质积累的主要因素,在宽叶羌活推广栽培过程中,应注意施肥量和配比以及合理选址。(4)分析栽培年限对宽叶羌活生物量、化学成分及经济效益的影响,三年生栽培宽叶羌活根鲜重、干重、主根长及直径较两年生分别增加112.20%、104.78%、27.00%、18.35%,总产量为两年生的2~3倍;三年生宽叶栽培羌活中有效成分总含量大幅增加,羌活醇、异欧前胡素、挥发油、浸出物、多糖含量分别增加128.11%、93.48%、73.42%、103.16%、79.49%;栽培三年羌活所得利润较栽培两年高出45.49%(5)对比不同干燥方式及条件下栽培宽叶羌活的品质变化,阴干、60℃烘干两种干燥方式下,宽叶羌活中主要活性物质总含量较高,为羌活鲜样的较优干燥方式,大批量处理羌活鲜样时,宜采用60℃烘干。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the geographical distribution, resource status, artificial acclimation and cultivation, chemical composition, quality control and pharmacological characteristics of Radix Notopterygii were reviewed, and the research results of Radix Notopterygii were summarized. It is found that there is no systematic study on artificial domestication and cultivation of Notopterygium chinensis, quality improvement and pretreatment of Rhizoma Notopterygii. In view of the deficiency of the related research of Notopterygium chinensis, this paper puts forward the systematic research methods of the quality, the optimum cultivation years, the distribution of the suitable region, the relationship between the quality of the medicinal materials and the ecological factors, the pretreatment methods and the conditions of the medicinal materials after domestication of Notopterygium chinensis. The roots of Notopterygium gibbergii cultivated in Gansu Province (Dingxi, Longnan, Gannan) for two years and three years were used as materials. The biomass indexes (fresh weight of root, dry weight of root) were measured. The main root length and diameter, and the contents of main active substances (Notopterygium, isophorin, volatile oil, extracts, polysaccharides, total ash and acid insoluble ash) were used as indicators for wild and cultivation, cultivation for two and three years, The quality of Notopterygium gibbergii cultivated in different habitats for two years and different drying methods was evaluated. At the same time, the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium were analyzed, and the bulk density of soil and the structure of pH, soil aggregates (clay, silt) were analyzed, and the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium were analyzed. Physical indexes such as the specific gravity of sand. The correlation between chemical composition and soil factors was analyzed by Pearson correlation and redundancy analysis by (RDA) method. The main results are as follows: (1) compared with the yield and quality of wild and cultivated Notopterygium, the total yield and active substances of cultivated Notopterygium were significantly higher than that of Wild Notopterygium, (2) the yield and quality of Notopterygium gibbergii in two years' cultivation were compared, and the yield of samples from Ma Ying, Luoba, Chen Lengkan and Ganbuta samples were higher. The relative content of active substances in unit weight samples is higher and the whole quality is better. In Longnan region and Gannan Plateau, the ideal site for the extension and cultivation of Notopterygium gibbergii L. was selected. (3) the relationship between the chemical composition content and ecological factors in the cultivation of Notopterygium gibbergii L. was analyzed. Organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, bulk density, pH, altitude, temperature and other factors were the main factors affecting the accumulation of active substances in Notopterygium gibbergii. Attention should be paid to the amount and proportion of fertilizer and reasonable site selection. (4) the effects of cultivation years on the biomass, chemical composition and economic benefit of Notopterygium gibbergii were analyzed, and the fresh and dry weight of root of three years old cultivation of Notopterygium gibbergii was analyzed. The length and diameter of the main root increased by 112.20 and 104.78, respectively, and the total yield was 3 times of that of the two years old. The total content of active components in three-year-old broadleaf cultivation of Notopterygium gibbergii increased significantly, and the contents of Notopterygium, isophorin, volatile oil, extract and polysaccharide increased by 128.1110. 48% and 73.42% 103.16%, respectively, and 79.49% of Rhizoma Notopterygii. The profit from three years' cultivation of Notopterygium was 45.49% higher than that of two years' cultivation. (5) the quality changes of Notopterygium gibbergii were compared under different drying methods and conditions, dry in shade and dried at 60 鈩，

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